The Importance of Trivial Streets: Residential Streets and Residential Segregation

Violent Crime, Mobility Decisions, and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Transition

“…Although this is reassuring, future research will need to test this process with other measures of crime. Second, although we measured our contextual effects-including violent crime-at the tract level, it may be that a different level of geographic aggregation is appropriate (Grannis 1998;Hipp 2007a). We were unable to assess this given the limitations of our data.…”

The Cohesiveness of Blocks In Social Networks: Node Connectivity and Conditional Density

“…Grannis (1998), for example, found that the best predictor of contiguous zones of homogeneity in urban neighborhoods is not closeness of ties or walking or driving distance, but chaining of neighbor relations along residential streets. These bonding chains do not imply that members of the homogeneous sets have a high density of neighbor relations, or high door-to-door transmission rates, but that they have chains of neighboring by which members of the homogeneous group 6 In this case, however, connectivity theory would suggest a critical threshold where the rise in added value goes from linear (because component sizes grow linearly with adoption up to this threshold) to exponential (because after the threshold is reached, sizes of component and0or cohesive sets begin to grow exponentially), to dampened marginal returns.…”

“…By combining several algorithms of low complexity, the algorithm makes connectivity computations feasible for relatively large graphs. Studies using connectivity to measure social cohesion, such as surmised but not actually employed by Grannis (1998), however, are still quite rare. 41 Brudner and White (1997) and White et al (2001), for example, identified sociologically important cohesive blocks in two large~n ϭ 2332 and 1458 respectively), sparse networks using the concept of cohesion measured by connectivity.…”

The role of motorized transport and mobile phones in the diffusion of agricultural information in Tanggamus Regency, Indonesia

“…The concern has been raised that new transportation and communication technologies will destroy the ''social capital'' of (geographically defined) communities by decreasing faceto-face socialization with neighbors (Putnam 2000;Turkle 2011). Moreover, a negative correlation between the amount of travel and social contact has been reported (Harvey and Taylor 2000), and the disconnecting social effects of roads intersecting urban neighborhoods have been described (Grannis 1998). In contrast to the negative social effects of motorized transport, walking has been found to enable spontaneous local social interactions that promote public respect, trust, and even health (Leyden 2003).…”

“…High internal cohesion within localized cliques can come at the expense of external relations and cause wider social fragmentation (Forrest and Kearns 2001). Raising children in fragmented communities perpetuates intolerance and racism for succeeding generations (Grannis 1998). New transportation and communication technologies are known to decrease the effects of physical distance decay by enabling physical and virtual travel (Ellegård and Vilhelmson 2004;Fotheringham 1981;Larsen et al 2007); thus, whether and how their usage can contribute to the creation of connections across socially and geographically distant communities should be explored.…”