The importance of Vitamin-D and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio for Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Objective: Ischemia and inflammation play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plasma neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and 25- hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) were used as a biomarker for inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate a link between NLR, vitamin D and ischemia in AD.
 Methods: The subjects with AD and control groups were enrolled to this retrospective study between 2017-2022 at Cukurova University Hospital. The cognitive assessment (MMSE), and blood tests (NLR, vitamin D) were collected from all subjects. In first part of the study, AD (n:132) and the control group (n:38) were compared. In second part of the study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for evaluating ischemic lesions with scoring method of Fazekas. The control group (n:38) and AD subjects with mild ischemic lesions (Fazekas-1 and Fazekas-2) (n:64) were excluded. AD subjects with severe ischemic lesions (Fazekas-3) (n:34) and without ischemic lesions (Fazekas-0) (n:34) were compared again. SPSS 20.0 was used for all analyses. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 0.05.
 Results: In the first part of the study, 132 AD patients (69 female and 63 male; mean age 70.83±9.35 (49-87) and age-matched 38 controls were compared. The mean NLR in AD [2.96±2.46 (1.17-19.43)] was higher than the control group [1.9±0.66 (0.9-3.56)] (p=0.005). In the second part of the study, the mean Vitamin D of Fazekas-3 AD group [16.15±9.64 (4.7-35)] was lower than Fazekas-0 AD group [16.27±6.81(4.6-29.7)] (p=0.024).
 Conclusion: NLR was higher in AD while there was no difference between the Fazekas-0 and Fazekas-3 AD groups. Vitamin D was lower in the Fazekas-3 AD group. These data suggested that NLR increased independently of ischemia in AD. Also vitamin D deficiency could trigger ischemia in AD.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7024
 How to cite this: Evlice A, Sanli ZS, Boz PB. The importance of Vitamin-D and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio for Alzheimer’s Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):799-803. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7024
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the 12 studies, four originated from Turkey [ 14 , 19 , 22 , 23 ], three from China [ 18 , 21 , 27 ], and one each from the USA and Canada [ 24 ], Italy [ 20 ], Germany [ 26 ], Australia [ 15 ], and Japan [ 25 ]. This international diversity underscores the global relevance and scope of our investigation.…”

“…Subsequently, we conducted a meticulous review of the full texts of the remaining 64 articles. Ultimately, 12 studies aligned with our predefined inclusion criteria and were thus incorporated into our systematic review [14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. For a detailed assessment of the risk of bias associated with each study, please refer to Table 1, which provides detailed insights into the quality of the included research.…”