The improvement potential of camel milk whey as a natural remedy in comparison with Rivastigmine chitosan-loaded nanoparticles in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer-like disease in rats

Abstract

HE most prevalent long-term neurodegenerative illness is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Worldwide, there are more than 24 million cases of AD, making the development of effective treatments imperative. The probable therapeutic potential of camel milk whey as a natural intervention and Rivastigmine loaded nanoparticles was investigated in this study. Alzheimer's like disease model was established by giving rats 100 mg/kg/b.wt. of aluminum Chloride orally for 3 months. Then the experimental rats were treated either with camel milk whey or Rivastigmine loaded nanoparticles for 75 days. Behavioral tests, histopathology, immunohistochemistry of Tau and Sirt-1 expression in addition to gene expression of TNF-α, MAO-A, Nrf-2 and VEGF1 in brain tissue were performed. Camel milk whey and Rivastigmine-loaded nanoparticles improved cognitive decline and regulated the expression of TNF-α, MAO-A, Nrf-2, VEGF1 and Tau in brain tissue. Interestingly, treatment groups showed increased expression of Sirt-1 in neurons, which may influence several facets of hippocampus and cortical cell survival and function, thereby altering the progression of the disease. Consequently, both therapies blocked the inflammatory cascade and alleviated the neurodegenerative lesions encountered in AD with better results in the group treated with Rivastigmine loaded nanoparticles.