The IMS Infrasound Network: Current Status and Technological Developments

Marty, Julien

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75140-5_1

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Given that single-station infrasound measurements provide atmospheric wind measurements within a sparsely observed altitude range for a given geographical region, an extended or even global multi-station wind sampling might be feasible using, for example, infrasound station data recorded by the International Monitoring System network (Dahlman et al, 2009;Marty, 2019). Hence, there are several opportunities yet to explore in further work related to atmospheric probing and data assimilation using infrasound datasets.…”

Section: Summary and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of atmospheric infrasound data to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric winds

Amezcua

Näsholm

Blixt

et al. 2020

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This data assimilation study exploits infrasound from explosions to probe an atmospheric wind component from the ground up to stratospheric altitudes. Planned explosions of old ammunition in Finland generate transient infrasound waves that travel through the atmosphere. These waves are partially reflected back towards the ground from stratospheric levels, and are detected at a receiver station located in northern Norway at 178 km almost due north from the explosion site. The difference between the true horizontal direction towards the source and the backazimuth direction (the horizontal direction of arrival) of the incoming infrasound wavefronts, in combination with the pulse propagation time, are exploited to provide an estimate of the average cross‐wind component in the penetrated atmosphere. We perform offline assimilation experiments with an ensemble Kalman filter and these observations, using the ERA5 ensemble reanalysis atmospheric product as background (prior) for the wind at different vertical levels. We demonstrate that information from both sources can be combined to obtain analysis (posterior) estimates of cross‐winds at different vertical levels of the atmospheric slice between the explosion site and the recording station. The assimilation makes greatest impact at the 12–60 km levels, with some changes with respect to the prior of the order of 0.1–1.0 m·s−1, which is a magnitude larger than the typical standard deviation of the ERA5 background. The reduction of background variance in the higher levels often reached 2–5%. This is the first published study demonstrating techniques to implement assimilation of infrasound data into atmospheric models. It paves the way for further exploration in the use of infrasound observations – especially natural and continuous sources – to probe the middle atmospheric dynamics and to assimilate these data into atmospheric model products.

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Section: Summary and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of atmospheric infrasound data to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric winds

Amezcua

Näsholm

Blixt

et al. 2020

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…Effective strategies to reduce wind noise at low frequencies (<50 Hz) already exist but involve constructing large and non-portable structures around the microphone (Sec. 1.5 in Marty, 2019). Therefore, efforts to lighten and improve the portability of wind noise reduction designs must be explored and incorporated into the deployment design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Raspberry Shake and Boom sensors for recording African elephant acoustic vocalizations

Lamb¹,

Shore²,

Lees³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this work we assess the performance of the low-cost Raspberry Shake and Boom sensor package for detecting and monitoring African elephants (Loxodonta africana). This is the first documented test of this particular sensor package for recording animal behaviour; the unit was originally designed for detecting tectonic earthquakes and low frequency (<50 Hz) atmospheric acoustics. During a four day deployment in October 2019 in South Africa, we used five Raspberry Shake and Boom units to record acoustic and seismic vocalisations generated by a group of African elephants. Our results highlight a varied degree of success for the RS&B units in detecting the signals of interest. The acoustic microphone recorded intricate details of low-frequency (<50 Hz) vocalisations that were not clearly recorded by more sensitive instruments, but was not able to record higher frequencies due to the low sampling rate (100 Hz). The geophone was not able to consistently record clear seismic waves generated by vocalisations, but was able to record footsteps within a 50 m range. We discuss future directions and deployment strategies to improve the sensitivity of the sensor package. Nevertheless, we conclude that the RS&B unit shows great promise as a low-cost tool for monitoring African elephants.

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“…Various studies show sensor self-noise and sensitivity curves of infrasound sensors (Ponceau and Bosca, 2010;Merchant, 2015;Slad and Merchant, 2016;Marty, 2019;Nief et al, 2019). The IMS specifications state that the sensor self-noise should be at least 18 dB below the global low-noise curves at 1 Hz (Brown et al, 2014), generated from global infrasound measurements using the IMS.…”

Section: Infrasound Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…surements at its measurement sites where possible. The International Monitoring System (IMS), which is in place for verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), performs continuous seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide measurements (Marty, 2019). In addition, the IMS infrasound arrays and radionuclide facilities host auxiliary meteorological equipment, as this data facilitates the review of the primary IMS data streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost per added sensor. In this work, the Infrasound and Environmental Atmospheric data Recorder (INFRA-EAR) is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. In particular, the platform monitors infrasound but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, and wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to position the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can be readily integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in geophysical data analysis. The small dimensions and low cost per unit allow for unconventional, experimental designs, for example, high-density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors embedded on a printed circuit board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer, and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors and data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer using durable resin. Thanks to low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 d), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.

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The IMS Infrasound Network: Current Status and Technological Developments

Cited by 77 publications

References 48 publications

Assimilation of atmospheric infrasound data to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric winds

Assimilation of atmospheric infrasound data to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric winds

Assessing Raspberry Shake and Boom sensors for recording African elephant acoustic vocalizations

The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters

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