The Inadequacy of Substances of the "Glucose Cycle" for Maintenance of Normal Cortical Potentials During Hypoglycemia Produced by Hepatectomy With Abdominal Evisceration

Maddock, Stephen; Hawkins, Joseph E.; Holmes, Earle W.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1939.125.3.551

Cited by 68 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other tests included iv administration of either crystalline zinc insulin 2 (0.1 U per kg) or sodium tolbutamide 3 (1 g in 20 ml distilled water) immediately before the glucose or mannose infusions. In these studies, blood was collected every 5 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannose Utilization in Man*

Wood¹,

Cahill²

1963

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannose Utilization in Man*

Wood¹,

Cahill²

1963

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although the brain selectively uses glucose rather than fructose (Maddock, Hawkins, and Holmes, 1939;Klein, 1944), the latter cannot reasonably all be supplied by the blood, as the fructose content of serum is so very slight and its rate of transfer from blood to brain five to 10 times less than glucose (Klein, Hurwitz, and Olsen, 1946). Furthermore, at least in vitro, Meningococcus and Myco.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carbohydrates in Normal and Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid

Eastham¹,

Keay²

1952

J Clin Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Since the alpha rhythm has been shown, by Hoagland's (7) experiments with pyrexia, to be directly determined by the local respiration of the cells of the cortex, any deprivation of the oxygen supply to these cells would be expected to slow the rhythm. Dextrose being the principal substrate in cerebral metabolism, hypoglycemia results in a lowering of the oxygen utilization of the brain with consequent slowing of the potentials; in animals, this has been studied by Maddock, Hawkins, and Holmes (8), and in man, by Himwich (9) who have demonstrated that on insulin injection, the progression of clinical symptoms follows the increase in cerebral arterio-venous oxygen difference and this depression of cerebral metabolism is paralleled by a decrease in alpha frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…She found that, within 20 minutes of the injection, there was a reduction in the alpha rhythm with the appearance of 8 cycle waves. Within 30 minutes of the injection, delta waves dominated the picture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Normal Electroencephalogram. Ii. The Effect of Varying Blood Sugar Levels on the Occipital Cortical Potentials in Adults During Quiet Breathing 1

Brazier¹,

Finesinger²,

Schwab³

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the rOle of blood sugar level in the slowing of cortical rhythms during hyperventilation is now very generally recognized, its effect on the electroencephalogram during quiet breathing has not been fully studied in the normal human subject.Gibbs, Williams, and Gibbs (1), using the spectrum analyzer, concluded from a series of 4 adult normals that between extreme limits, alterations of blood sugar level have no effect on the frequency of the brain waves at normal depths of ventilation. Lennox, Gibbs, and Gibbs (2) found an upper limit of 50 mgm. for the blood sugar level to affect the electroencephalogram during normal breathing.Davis (3) made a more extensive study on 30 normals to whom injections of insulin were given in order to lower the blood sugar below fasting levels. She found that, within 20 minutes of the injection, there was a reduction in the alpha rhythm with the appearance of 8 cycle waves. Within 30 minutes of the injection, delta waves dominated the picture. Her study was made while the subjects were breathing normally. Hoagland (4, 5) and his coworkers made a study of the alpha rhythm in schizophrenics at blood sugars so low as to induce loss of consciousness.The present study is an attempt to establish the influence of blood sugar level upon the electroencephalogram at stages of unimpaired consciousness in the normal subject. METHODThe subjects for these experiments were all young adults, mostly college students (29 males, 16 females), This study was aided by a grant from the Harrington Fund.between the ages of 17 and 38. A brief medical history was taken and, in most cases, a brief physical examination was made before the experiment. Only those whose history indicated the absence of medical, neurological, and psychiatric disease, and whose physical examinations were within normal limits were included in the series. As a result of these brief preliminary examinations, the data on 15 individuals out of the 60 who volunteered were discarded from the series.The routine procedure was as follows: The subject reported to the laboratory in the morning, fasting. He was asked to lie down for a period of at least 30 minutes during which time the history was taken, a brief physical examination made, and the scalp electrodes attached.A sample of blood was drawn for the microdetermination of capillary blood sugar, and the subject was attached, by a mouth mask fitted with flutter valves, to a large spirometer with an open circuit for a period of approximately 8 minutes. He breathed outside air from the spirometer at the normal rate and depth of ventilation for a period of 2 minutes, and was then told to breathe as deeply as he could, inhaling and exhaling to the rhythm of a metronome clicking 30 times a minute. The depth of ventilation could be followed on the spirometer scale, and if the subject was not reaching the required depth for his body weight, he was urged to breathe deeper. (A study of the effects of the hyperventilation period will appear in a later paper in this series.)After the 3-minute...

show abstract

The Inadequacy of Substances of the "Glucose Cycle" for Maintenance of Normal Cortical Potentials During Hypoglycemia Produced by Hepatectomy With Abdominal Evisceration

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Mannose Utilization in Man*

Mannose Utilization in Man*

The Carbohydrates in Normal and Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid

Characteristics of the Normal Electroencephalogram. Ii. The Effect of Varying Blood Sugar Levels on the Occipital Cortical Potentials in Adults During Quiet Breathing 1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About