The incidence and multiplicity rates of keratinocyte cancers in Australia

Pandeya, Nirmala; Olsen, Catherine M.; Whiteman, David C.

doi:10.5694/mja17.00284

Cited by 103 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is unclear why Northern Ireland has a higher cSCC incidence compared with other nations; this could relate to a higher number of outdoor occupations, recent public health campaigns, variation in clinical practice or data collection . Compared with elsewhere in the world, incidence rates of KC in the U.K. are lower than those published in Australia, but higher than elsewhere in Europe and the U.S.A., with varying rates presumably due to skin type/genetic predisposition and UVR exposure …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Likewise, after an initial cSCC, the 5‐year risk of a further cSCC is estimated to be 37% . Previous studies have shown that when counting all BCCs as opposed to the first registered BCC, an additional 30–50% of tumours are counted . Changes in cancer registration processes in England, including the introduction of national automated registration have enabled the development of a more comprehensive BCC and cSCC dataset for the first time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of basal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the U.K. 2013–15: a cohort study

Nijsten²,

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together known as keratinocyte cancers (KCs), are the commonest cancer in white ethnic populations. Recent improvements to registry data collection in England has allowed more accurate analysis of the epidemiology of BCC and cSCC and for the first time we are able to provide an accurate (representative) tumour burden for KC in the U.K. Objectives To estimate the incidence of BCC and cSCC in the U.K. Methods A cohort of patients with KCs between 2013 and 2015 were identified using linkage to diagnostic codes derived from pathology reports collected into the national cancer registry. Data from England's cancer registry were combined with data from Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. European age‐standardized incidence rates (EASRs) of the first BCC and cSCC per patient per annum (PPPA) were calculated. Results In the U.K, the EASR of the first BCC and cSCC PPPA in 2013–15 were 285 and 77 per 100 000 person years, respectively (211 120 KCs total in 2015). The mean annual percentage increase was 5% between 2013 and 2015 for both BCC and cSCC. By counting the first KC PPPA, we include an additional 51% KCs compared with the previous reporting technique which counts only the first BCC and cSCC in a patient's lifetime, yet it represents a probable underestimation of 5–11% of the true tumour count. Conclusions Based on an improved methodology, a more representative incidence of KC is presented, which is essential to healthcare planning and will lead to improved understanding of the epidemiology of KC. What's already known about this topic? Keratinocyte cancers (KCs) are the most common cancers affecting white ethnic populations. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing worldwide including the U.K., most commonly in elderly male Caucasian patients. These cancers are traditionally substantially underreported and frequently excluded from national cancer statistics. What does this study add? Using improved data collection methods in England and validated tumour‐reporting techniques, we report the most accurate BCC and cSCC incidence data for the U.K. ever published. Identifying the first BCC and cSCC per patient per annum, the incidence of BCC and cSCC in the U.K. (excluding Wales) was 285 and 77 per 100 000 person years, respectively, between 2013 and 2015, with more than 210 000 KCs in the U.K. in 2015.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of basal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the U.K. 2013–15: a cohort study

Nijsten²,

et al. 2019

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“…In the most recent national survey, KC incidence was not estimated for the period 2003–2016 6 . National and state/territory estimates for KC have recently been reported for the period 2011–2014 by the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Queensland by analysis of a 10% population sample of all persons registered with Medicare 7 . Estimates of the BCC:SCC ratio were also reported in this study, extrapolated from the ratios found in the validated Queensland QSkin survey 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…National and state/territory estimates for KC have recently been reported for the period 2011–2014 by the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Queensland by analysis of a 10% population sample of all persons registered with Medicare 7 . Estimates of the BCC:SCC ratio were also reported in this study, extrapolated from the ratios found in the validated Queensland QSkin survey 7 . Prior to this publication, a systematic review of NMSC in Australia identified only two studies that investigated total incidence at the state/territory level; these were in Tasmania and the Northern Territory in the 1980s 8 …”

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confidence: 99%

Keratinocyte cancers in South Australia: incidence, geographical variability and service trends

Adelson

Sharplin

Roder

et al. 2018

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: To determine the incidence, multiplicity, geographical variability and service trends of keratinocyte cancers (KC) in South Australia (SA). Methods:Medicare Australia data with a unique identifier were used to assess the number of people treated over years [2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. A maximum of one KC service claim per year was used to determine incidence. Age-standardised rates were estimated as were KC service activity trends.Results: There were 497,581 services to 204,183 SA residents for KC, solar keratoses, locally aggressive skin tumours or suspicious skin lesions. Of these, n=159,137 services were for KC (77,502 people). The five-year (2010-2014) age-standardised rate of KC in SA was 1,466.6 (95%CI 1,458.3-1,474.8) per 100,000. Forty per cent of people had more than one KC removed. Men accounted for more incident cases (59.2%). Age-specific rates showed least variability over time in the youngest age group (15-44 years). For 26 geographical areas, higher agestandardised ratios of KC were seen in coastal and agricultural areas. There was a 59% increase in services for KC from 2000 to 2015.Conclusions: Age-standardised rates for KC are relatively stable in SA, but regional variations are evident. Services for KC continue to rise.Implications for public health: This is the first systematic report of KC in SA. We demonstrate the utility of using validated Medicare data for assessing KC incidence and trends.

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“…in most Australian and U.S. cancer registries), or else only the first occurrence was ever recorded for any particular person. For cancers that are prone to multiplicity this approach has led to gross under‐reporting. With the advent of digital pathology reporting and sophisticated coding algorithms, the resource constraints that inhibited earlier manual coding efforts have largely disappeared.…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratinocyte cancer incurs a sizeable and almost entirely preventable health burden in the U.K.

Whiteman

2019

Br J Dermatol

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The incidence and multiplicity rates of keratinocyte cancers in Australia

Abstract: The incidence and multiplicity of keratinocyte cancer in Australia are very high, causing a large disease burden that has not previously been quantified.

Cited by 103 publications

References 8 publications

Epidemiology of basal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the U.K. 2013–15: a cohort study

Epidemiology of basal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the U.K. 2013–15: a cohort study

Keratinocyte cancers in South Australia: incidence, geographical variability and service trends

Keratinocyte cancer incurs a sizeable and almost entirely preventable health burden in the U.K.

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