The incidence and prognostic implication of congenital absence of one umbilical artery

The Missing Umbilical Artery. I. Prospective Study Based on a Maternity Unit

“…A case of concordant SUA in monozygous twins was reported by Fasolis and Okely (1961). Several authors, but especially Benirschke and Bourne (1960) and Bourne and Benirschke (1960) (Kohler, 1972).…”

“…In a prospective study Benirschke and Bourne (1960) Hnat (1967), and Van Leeuwen, Behringer, and Glen (1967), and the largest series of all, utilizing the records of 12 different hospitals, by Froehlich and Fujikura (1966,1973). Similar publications from Europe include those of Thomas (1961, Germany); Jarvinen, Osterlund, and Van Numers (1961, Finland);844 Gomori and Koller (1964, Switzerland); Papadatos and Paschos (1965, Greece); Muller et al (1969, France);Cederqvist (1970, Sweden);and Vlietinck et al (1972, Belgium).…”

Delayed and disturbed morphogenesis of the umbilical blood vessels in insulin-like growth factor-II deficient conceptuses (Igf2m+/p?)

“…It is not known when these "adult" abnormalities develop in IGF-II-deficient mice, and it is possible that they originate from the delays in umbilical vessel morphogenesis, bearing in mind that blood flow can alter distant vessel dimensions in adult mammals and possibly fish embryos (Tulis et al, 1998;Isogai et al, 2003). Certainly, persistent fetal and adult abnormalities are associated with vessel dysmorphology of the cord and yolk sack in both mice and humans (Carter, 1954;Benirschke and Bourne, 1960;Green, 1967;Barr, 2001). Furthermore, in at least one situation, the degree of abnormality in the cord is associated with the success of development to term (Kono et al, 2004).…”

Prevalence of Single Umbilical Artery and Associated Congenital Anomalies - A Foetal Study

“…According to Heifetz, 17 a variety of malformations have been associated with SUA including CVS malformations, CNS defects, GIT defects, musculoskeletal and urogenital defects. Benirschke and Brown 18 found out an incidence of 1% SUA with 46% malformed infants and Fred A. Lyon 19 observed the foetal anomalies associated with SUA like hydrocephalus, ArnoldChiari malformation, spina bifida with myelomeningocoele, hypoplastic lungs, polycystic horseshoe kidneys, CTEV and anencephaly. According to Heifetz, 17 a variety of malformations have been associated with SUA including CVS malformations, CNS defects, GIT defects, musculoskeletal and urogenital defects.…”

“…According to Heifetz, 17 a variety of malformations have been associated with SUA including CVS malformations, CNS defects, GIT defects, musculoskeletal and urogenital defects. Benirschke and Brown 18 reported that 76% of malformed infants had multiple congenital malformations.…”