The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries

Jmor, Fidan; Emsley, Hedley; Fischer, Marc; Solomon, Tom; Lewthwaite, Penny

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-5-134

Cited by 145 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(123 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6 In a cohort study by Tom Soloman et al WHO JE surveillance standard study focus was on JE Positive or Negative or AES unknown mortality was 18.68% in JE positive cases which is almost similar to this study. In 22% cases AES Unknown diagnosis was made, while in this study AES Unknown was found in 3.2% 7 . The incidence of JE positive case is 22.04% in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A study on epidemiological pattern of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to japanese encephalitis in Patna medical college and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

Tiwari

Jaiswal

Iqbali

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is defined as a person of any age, at any time of year with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Viruses have been mainly attributed to be the cause of AES in India although other etiologies such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, leptospira, toxoplasma, rickettsia, chemical, and toxins have also been reported over the past few years. The causative agent of AES varies with season and geographical location, owing to wide range of causative agents and the rapid neurological impairment due to pathogenesis, clinicians face the challenge of a small window period between diagnosis and treatment. The present study is dedicated to knowing the present epidemiological pattern of AES in Bihar aiming to help in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from January 1st to December 31 st, 2016, in this study all cases which presented with acute onset of fever and a change in mental status including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk and/ or new onset of seizures excluding simple febrile seizures were included. Demographic, etiological analysis and outcome of cases of Acute Encephalitic Syndrome as well as Japanese encephalitis were done. Results: The total number of patient diagnosed clinically with AES were 186 of them 105 were male and 81 were female. Number of cases were highest in the age group of >5-10 years amounting to 37.7% followed by 26.4% in >2-5 years age group, marked male predominance was seen in the age group 5 -10 years. A minor female predominance was observed in the age group >10 years. In May number of cases were maximum 36 (19.4%) followed by April 32 (17.2%), number of cases of AES were least in the month of December followed by November (8). Maximum number of cases were from the district of Patna and its neighboring district amounting to 58.5% with Nalanda district alone comprises 24.3%. Etiological analysis reveals that 36.5% children admitted with the clinical diagnosis of AES, 36.5% were diagnosed with Acute bacterial meningoencephalitis and 22.04% were diagnosed with Japanese Encephalitis, 7.5% Tuberculous meningitis, 6.4% Cerebral malaria, 5.4% Herpes simplex encephalitis and 3.2% with acute encephalitis syndrome unknown. Conclusions: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remains an important cause of prolonged hospital bed occupancy with a high rate of mortality. Although in JE positive cases mortality were less, but morbidity in form of various motor deficit and cognitive impairment increases the burden on the family and society. With the introduction of effective JE vaccine and with rigorous surveillance of AES cases and social initiative taken by the Government, we can hope a better scenario. More and more extensive studies are the need of ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A study on epidemiological pattern of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to japanese encephalitis in Patna medical college and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

Tiwari

Jaiswal

Iqbali

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Viruses are the most common causative agents of AES, though bacteria, fungi, parasites, and toxins have also been implicated in its etiology. The incidence of AES varies from 0.9 per 100,000 adults in Nigeria, to 185 per 100,000 adults for a rural population in Nepal during an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) (1). In India, it has been estimated that a population of 375 million people residing in 171 endemic districts of 17 states are at a risk of acquiring AES (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North India

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The surveillance consists of identifying patients with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), and then classifying the patients according to the results of laboratory diagnostic tests. 11 Transmission is seasonal and mainly related to rainy season in south-east Asia region. 12 Our aim is to study the clinical features of AES in relation with the epidemiological aspects in our study area so that by understanding the main epidemiological features of these infections would assist clinicians in formulating etiological hypothesis, in the event of laboratory findings being inconclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinico-epidemiological profile of acute encephalitis syndrome in children of Bellary, Karnataka, India

Kamble

Raghvendra

2016

Int J Community Med Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries

Cited by 145 publications

References 45 publications

A study on epidemiological pattern of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to japanese encephalitis in Patna medical college and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

A study on epidemiological pattern of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to japanese encephalitis in Patna medical college and hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North India

A clinico-epidemiological profile of acute encephalitis syndrome in children of Bellary, Karnataka, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About