The Incidence of Asthma in Young Adults

Thomsen, Simon Francis; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm; Larsen, Klaus; Skadhauge, Lars Rauff; Steffensen, Ida; Backer, Vibeke

doi:10.1378/chest.127.6.1928

Cited by 61 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, it has been suggested that decreased physical activity could play a role in the aetiology of asthma independent of obesity (18). Consistently, in two recent prospective studies in twins (19,20), it was found that increasing BMI was associated with an increasing risk of asthma. Additionally, sex differences have been observed.…”

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confidence: 72%

The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?

Hersoug

Linneberg

2007

Allergy

245

202

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There is evidence that the prevalence of atopic disease, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic eczema, has increased in developed countries throughout the world. The causes of this increase remain largely unknown. Many hypotheses have been put forward addressing the role of environmental factors (e.g. exposure to allergens, endotoxins, infections, particulate matter from automobile exhaust and smoking, and moulds and dampness in the indoor environment) in the development of atopic disease. However, none of these seems to explain fully the rapid rise in the prevalence of atopic disease. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on lifestyle factors, such as dietary factors, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and obesity. The present review focuses on the evidence linking obesity and overweight to atopic disease, specifically the immunological effects of adipose tissue that may play an important role in development of atopic diseases.The link between obesity and atopic diseases at the population level Europe and North America have, gradually over several hundred years, changed their lifestyle and demographic constitution. They have changed from primary rural living and agriculture production to primary modern urban living and industrial production. As a consequence of these developments, there has been an increase in mean life expectancy, hygiene, and affluence. The increase in affluence results in increased availability of foods and decreased physical activity, factors that contribute to increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.These changes are correlated with transition of disease patterns from primary infectious diseases or communicable diseases (CDs) toward chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, atopic diseases such as asthma and allergies, and autoimmune diseases. Many developing countries have undergone these developments in only a few decades. For example, the inuit population of Greenland has, over a relatively short period of time, undergone major changes, including rapid urbanization and a transition from a traditional hunting and fishing society to a modern society in which most people work in trade, administration, and services. Concomitantly, changes in disease patterns have occurred. For example, the frequency of atopy in terms of specific IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens had nearly doubled between 1987 (10%) and 1998 (19%) (1). This increase had also occurred in older adults, suggesting that the risk factors responsible for the There is increasing epidemiological evidence that obesity increases the risk of asthma, atopic, and autoimmune diseases. We hypothesize that the increase in these diseases is caused, at least in part, by decreased immunological tolerance as a consequence of immunological changes induced by adipokines (e.g. leptin and adiponectin) and cytokines [e.g. interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa)] secreted by white adipose tissue. The increasing body weight increases the levels of circu...

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confidence: 72%

The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?

Hersoug

Linneberg

2007

Allergy

245

202

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“…A few studies have prospectively assessed the incidence of asthma and/or nasal allergy in adulthood using a 10-year follow-up [3][4][5][6]. Most of these papers have utilised data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prediction of new-onset asthma and nasal allergy by skin prick test and RAST in a cohort of adults

et al. 2013

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Limited information exists regarding the incidence and predictors of asthma and nasal allergy in adulthood. We determined the incidence rate of asthma and nasal allergy in adults and assessed the predictive value of skin prick tests (SPTs) and radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) for these two outcomes.Two German centres involved in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey conducted a follow-up assessment in 2012 of the baseline participants (1185 adults aged 21-47 years assessed in 1990). The predictive value of SPTs and RASTs on new-onset asthma and nasal allergy was assessed by Cox regression and by calculating the positive or negative predictive value.During the 20 years between baseline and follow-up, 3.1 and 4.4 per 1000 person-years of new-onset asthma and nasal allergy cases were recorded, respectively. The hazard ratios for SPTs of any specific and of all aeroallergens combined were slightly higher than those of RASTs for asthma and nasal allergy. The negative predictive values of both the SPT and RAST were very high and similar (0.94-0.96), whereas the postive predictive values were low (0.09-0.20).Positive SPT results showed a better association with new onset asthma and nasal allergy than positive RAST either to any specific aeroallergens or to all combined. @ERSpublications Positive SPT shows better association with new-onset asthma and nasal allergy than positive radioallergosorbent tests

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“…A number of risk factors that may be involved in the interrelationship between SES and asthma and chronic bronchitis have been identified: 1) smoking [12]; 2) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) [13]; 3) mould or mildew in the home [14]; 4) allergen sensitisation [15]; and 5) obesity [16]. Some of these factors, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status, asthma and chronic bronchitis in a large community-based study

et al. 2007

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The present study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status, using measures of occupational class and education level, and the prevalence and incidence of asthma (with and without atopy) and chronic bronchitis using data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).Asthma and chronic bronchitis were studied prospectively within the ECRHS (n59,023). Incidence analyses comprised subjects with no history of asthma or bronchitis at baseline. Asthma symptoms were also assessed as a continuous score.Bronchitis risk was associated with low educational level (prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.8) and occupational class (1.8; 1.2-2.7). Incident bronchitis also increased with low educational level (risk ratio (RR) 2.8; 95%CI 1.5-5.4). Prevalent and incident asthma with no atopy were associated with low educational level. Subjects in the low occupational class (incident risk ratio (IRR) 1.4; 95%CI 1.2-1.7) and education group (IRR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.6) had higher mean asthma scores than those in higher socioeconomic groups.Lower educational level was associated with increased risk of prevalent and incident chronic bronchitis and asthma with no atopy. Lower socioeconomic groups tended to have a higher prevalence and incidence of asthma, particularly higher mean asthma scores. Adjustment for variables associated with asthma and bronchitis explained little of the observed health differences by socioeconomic status.

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The Incidence of Asthma in Young Adults

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?

The link between the epidemics of obesity and allergic diseases: does obesity induce decreased immune tolerance?

Prediction of new-onset asthma and nasal allergy by skin prick test and RAST in a cohort of adults

Socioeconomic status, asthma and chronic bronchitis in a large community-based study

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