The Incidence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Bacteria in  Salad Vegetables in Ondo City, Nigeria

Bello, O. O.; Oni, M. O.; Bello, Jibril Oyekunle; Bello, T. K.

doi:10.9734/afsj/2019/v9i130003

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It causes bacterial intestinal and extra-intestinal infections including septicaemia, diarrhoea, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis in man and livestock ( 24 ). It is often linked with multiple antimicrobial resistances ( 25 ), and among bacteria isolated from animal foods, such as pigs, cattle, and poultry ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected rivers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Bello,

Akinpeloye,

Bello

et al. 2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Water is crucial to human existence but may be contaminated with microorganisms, thus making it unfit for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected river waters in Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Ten major rivers were sampled between April and August, 2021. The pH, temperature, total al- kalinity, colour, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, aluminium, organic matters, nitrate levels including the microbial loads were determined according to standard procedures. Confirmation of identified isolates was achieved by API 20E and API 20NE. Results: The turbidity, colour, conductivity, ammonium, and aluminium ranged from 4.3 to 15.2 NTU, 4 to 20 NTU, 123.5 to 580.2 mgL-1, 0 to 3.5 mgL-1, and 0.05 to 1.7, respectively. Most physicochemical parameters showed no significant differences from the WHO permissible limits for drinking water (p > 0.05). The total viable bacterial count in the rivers ranged from 1.5 × 105 to 6.3 × 105 CFUmL-1, while the total coliform count ranged from 1.3 × 103 to 4.8 × 103 CFUmL-1. The predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: This study revealed that the physiochemical properties of the waters were majorly within the WHO permissible standards but with significantly higher bacterial loads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected rivers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Bello,

Akinpeloye,

Bello

et al. 2023

IJM

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“…The relatively weak activity of these antibiotics suggests that many of the resistant isolates could contain the enzyme βlactamase, deactivating the β-lactam rings of the βlactam antibiotics and cephalosporins. This is buttressed by the findings of Bello et al (2019) who reported the resistance profile of β-lactamaseproducing bacterial isolates from salad vegetables (Bello et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Implications of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Suya Spices in Nigeria

Bello¹,

Bello²

2022

JNFS

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Background: The emergence and re-emergence of antibiotic-resistant foodborne bacteria call for concerted efforts, especially in developing countries. Spices have been employed traditionally to improve the aroma and flavour of foods; however, they could serve as reservoirs for the spread of potential pathogenic organisms. This study aims to investigate the public health implications of antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with suya spices. Methods: Three hundred samples of suya spices were evaluated for bacteriological quality. The isolates were presumptively identified by standard biochemical tests and confirmed by API 20 E and API 20 NE. The Etest was used for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs, while the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer methods. Results: The mean total plate count (TPC) ranged from 1.0 x 103 to 1.6 x 103 CFU/g. The TPCs of control samples showed significant differences in various zones (P < 0.05). One hundred and thirty-three bacterial isolates were obtained from suya spices. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.56%) had the highest frequency and Klebsiella planticola (3.01%) the lowest. The MIC of antibiotics ranged from 0.02 mg/l to > 256. The percentage of isolates resistant to the antibiotics ranged from 3.01% to 87.97% as exhibited by imipenem and teicoplanin, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed a high bacterial load and the presence of potential pathogens in suya spices. This depicts that suya spices, when added to suya meat, are one of the sources of microbial contamination.

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“…Occurrence of these resistant strains further suggests imminent danger of gastrointestinal disease outbreak from retailed tomato in most parts of southwest Nigeria. Poor post-harvest storage conditions of food materials, poor food handling practices, and unhygienic cooking habits in common street canteens and restaurants are gradually increasing resistant foodborne pathogens as well as other extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing strains in food materials in many communities [21], [56]. Clonal relatedness of highly resistant enteric Klebsiella aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii from Nigerian tomatoes with human, food, and milk products from other countries further indicate high genetic mobility and transfer from animal milk products, human contamination probably from fecal that could drive genetic reassortment leading to spread of phylo-diverse pathotypes [20], [57], [58], [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the incidence of foodborne disease is now becoming a public health issue considering the recent outbreaks of foodborne diseases in various countries due to consumption of contaminated raw fruits [15], [16], [17], [18]. The previous reports have implicated presence on pathogens on surfaces of fresh fruits and vegetables which includes Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Yersinia pestis, Shigella dysenteriae, and Listeria monocytogenes; however, there is still paucity of studies to determine the public health implication of consuming the contaminated tomatoes which are often used by many local food eateries in Nigeria [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]. There is need to determine bacteria contaminants in tomatoes and check their antimicrobial susceptibility to common content that may constitute risk to public health [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Phylodiversity of Implicated Enteric Bacteria Strains in Retailed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruits in Southwest Nigeria

Obafemi

Akinduti

Ajayi³

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) have very huge health-promoting benefits due to high nutritional composition; however, these fruits are potential reservoir of enteric food-borne pathogens causing major public health concerns. AIM: Characterization and phylo-analysis of implicated enteric bacteria strains in retailed Tomato fruits in southwest Nigeria were studied. METHODS: Ready to be retailed fresh tomato fruits were purchased from common food markets in southwest, Nigeria, which lies between latitudes 6° 21′ to 8° 30′ N and longitudes 2° 30′ to 5° 30′ E. Observation of sample storage potentials at different conditions and bio-typing of associated bacterial strains were carried out for consecutive 14 days. Enteric bacteria strains were genotyped with 16S rRNA assay and further profiled for antibiotic susceptibility to common antibiotics. High population rate frequently consume tomatoes. RESULTS: Early spoilage characterized with yellow fluid, fungal growth and visible lesions were observed at 25°C storage compare to few patches of lesion at 4°C after 14 days. Higher bacterial count of 4.0–7.18 Log CFU/g was recorded at ambient storage compare to refrigerated samples with more than 10% occurrence rate of Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Identified Citrobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. showed 100% resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid). Two-resistant enteric bacteria strains, Klebsiella aerogenes B18 and Citrobacter freundii B27 obtained from Nigerian tomato clustered with Citrobacter strains in food (China), water strains (India, Poland, Malaysia), milk (Germany), and human fecal (China). CONCLUSION: Implicated multidrug-resistant enteric bacilli in retailed tomatoes can cause severe food-borne diseases which public oriented awareness, strategic farm to market surveillance are needed to be intensified.

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The Incidence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Bacteria in Salad Vegetables in Ondo City, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected rivers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected rivers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Public Health Implications of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Suya Spices in Nigeria

Characterization and Phylodiversity of Implicated Enteric Bacteria Strains in Retailed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruits in Southwest Nigeria

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