The Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and the Valid Blood Pressure Cutoff Value for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Within the Normal Blood Pressure Range in the Population Over 40 Years Old in Guiyang, China

Abstract

Purpose The study was conducted to investigate metabolic syndrome (MS) incidence within the normal blood pressure (BP) range in a population over 40 years old in an urban area of Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China, and to identify a valid BP cutoff value for predicting MS. Materials and Methods Data from this study are based on the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. In total, 2935 subjects in the normal BP range and without MS (795 males, 2140 females) aged 40–80 years were included in this study. Follow-up subjects were classified by baseline BP and grouped by age. After the 3-year follow-up, the MS incidence and valid BP cutoff value for predicting MS were calculated for subjects within the normal BP range. Results After the 3-year follow-up study, the crude and standardized MS incidences in the cohort were 19.83% and 16.89% for follow-up subjects, respectively, with incidences of 10.94% and 10.50% for males and 23.13% and 20.66% for females. The incidence of MS in normotensive subjects (15.53%) was lower than that in subjects with high-normal BP (29.08%). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and drinking, the risk of having MS in the high-normal BP group was 1.823-fold [HR 1.823 95% CI (1.538–2.162)] higher than that in the normotensive group. The ROC curve showed that the BP cutoff values were more than 117/74 mmHg in males and 112/74 mmHg in females. Conclusion When BP was within the normal range, the incidence of MS in participants was very high. The MS incidence was higher among high-normal BP subjects than among normotensive subjects, as was the risk of having MS. The valid BP cutoff value for predicting MS in the population was 117/74 mmHg in males and 112/74 mmHg in females. Currently, epidemiological investigations are needed to determine whether a lower BP cutoff value is needed in diagnosing MS.

Non-HDL cholesterol and long-term follow-up of metabolic syndrome outcome

“…The present study by considering SBP < 130 mmHg or DBP < 85 mmHg and TG < 150 mg/dl as references demonstrated that individuals with elevated BP and TG are exposed to about 8% increased risk of having abnormal metabolic disorders in long-term. Consistent with our evidence, a recent cohort study recruiting 2,935 middle-aged Chinese population with 3-year follow-up showed the higher risk of MetS incidence in participants having higher BP in compare to normotensive group (hazard ratio (HR), 1.823; 95% CI, 1.538-2.162) [22]. With respect of the signi cant association between TG and metabolic disorders in our study, investigating the population in south of Iran demonstrated the notable linkage between high TG and MetS burden [23].…”

The Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in People Over 40 Years Old with Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose and the Predictive Cutoff Value of Effective Fasting Plasma Glucose for Metabolic Syndrome in Guiyang

“…Our research group previously surveyed the incidence rate of MS among subjects over 40 years in the normal blood pressure range in the Guiyang urban area, excluding subjects with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or ≤90/60 mmHg. The incidence of MS was 19.83%, 11 similar to this study. Yang et al 15 studied the incidence of metabolic syndrome among adults in rural communities of islands in Zhejiang Province.…”

“…Because our previous study and this one used the same survey, the data collection and measurement procedures were fully documented. 5 , 11 Data were collected by trained physicians through a standardized questionnaire. The data mainly consisted of demographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, personal medical history, family history, medication use, and lifestyle risk factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol, and exercise status.…”

Non-HDL cholesterol and long-term follow-up outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome

“…The present study demonstrated that individuals with elevated BP and TG are exposed to an increased risk of having abnormal metabolic disorders in long-term follow-up. Consistent with our evidence, a recent cohort study recruiting 2,935 middle-aged Chinese individuals with a 3-year follow-up showed a higher risk of MetS incidence in participants with higher BP than in the normotensive group (hazard ratio (HR), 1.823; 95% CI, 1.538–2.162) [ 33 ]. With respect to the significant association between TGs and metabolic disorders in our study, investigating the population in southern Iran demonstrated a notable linkage between high TGs and MetS burden [ 34 ].…”