The incidence of osteoa‐rthritis of the temporomandibular joint in various cultures

Griffin, C. J.; Powers, Rosemary; Kruszynski, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1979.tb03615.x

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The norm, at those ancient times, was that well-worn teeth had twice the incidence of osteoarthritis compared to those whose diet was more refined and who lived in more recent times such as 17–20 th German and British cultures. But unilateral severe osteoarthritis of the temporo-mandibular joint with a normal contra-lateral joint, as found in Geheset, has not previously been reported in three hundred and forty-eight ancient cranial remains [6]. This is consistent with our interpretation that this joint destruction (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Network Science in Egyptology

et al. 2012

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Egyptology relies on traditional descriptive methods. Here we show that modern, Internet-based science and statistical methods can be applied to Egyptology. Two four-thousand-year-old sarcophagi in one tomb, one within the other, with skeletal remains of a woman, gave us the opportunity to diagnose a congenital nervous system disorder in the absence of a living nervous system. The sarcophagi were discovered near Thebes, Egypt. They were well preserved and meticulously restored. The skeletal remains suggested that the woman, aged between 50 and 60 years, was Black, possibly of Nubian descent and suffered from syringobulbia, a congenital cyst in the brain stem and upper spinal cord. We employed crowd sourcing, the anonymous responses of 204 Facebook users who performed a matching task of living persons' iris color with iris color of the Udjat eyes, a decoration found on Egyptian sarcophagi, to confirm the ethnicities of the sarcophagus occupants. We used modern fMRI techniques to illustrate the putative extent of her lesion in the brain stem and upper spinal cord deduced from her skeletal remains. We compared, statistically, the right/left ratios, a non-dimensional number, of the orbit height, orbit width, malar height and the infraorbital foramena with the same measures obtained from 32 ancient skulls excavated from the Fayum, North of Thebes. We found that these ratios were significantly different in this skull indicating atrophy of cranial bones on the left. In this instance, Internet science and the use of modern neurologic research tools showed that ancient sarcophagus makers shaped and decorated their wares to fit the ethnicity of the prospective occupants of the sarcophagi. We also showed that, occasionally, human nervous system disease may be recognizable in the absence of a living nervous system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Osteoarthritis of the temporo-mandibular joint in ancient remains has been assessed [6]. The norm, at those ancient times, was that well-worn teeth had twice the incidence of osteoarthritis compared to those whose diet was more refined and who lived in more recent times such as 17–20 th German and British cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Science in Egyptology

et al. 2012

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“…Griffin et al (1979) reported an incidence of osteoarthritis of the joints in early European populations increasing from 35% in young adults to 40% in older adults. These incidences were somewhat lower than those found for adult and aged specimens in the present study of Australian crania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental attrition and degenerative arthritis of the temporomandibular joint

Richards

Brown

1981

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The extent and rate of occlusal attrition in relation to degenerative arthritis of the temporomandibular joint were studied in 101 skulls representing early Aboriginal man in Australia. Joint degenerations affected 40% of the specimens and were associated with both the rate and extent of tooth attrition. Age, unaccompanied by tooth wear, was not significant in the progress of the disease. Degenerations affected the temporal joint surface more frequently than the condyle, particularly in the lateral and central regions of the articular eminence. Patterns of degenerative joint disease in the Aboriginals illustrated a break-down in the physiological adaptability of the masticatory system resulting from increased occlusal stress consequent upon progressive tooth wear. Under these conditions, the teeth and the temporomandibular joints enter a 'wear-out' phase of occlusal function which usually commences in early adult life and becomes more severe as the conditions continue.

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“…Thus, researchers worldwide have recently tried to develop methods for using the jawbones, especially the mandible, to predict skeletal BMD [23] . The mandibular condyle, one important section of the mandible, is one of the most common sites of OA [24] . Furthermore, the articular surfaces of the mandibular condyle are composed of fibrocartilage that is distinct from the hyaline cartilage of the appendicular skeleton [25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent effects of genistein on bone homeostasis in rats' mandibular subchondral bone

Xing

Wang

et al. 2011

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To investigate the effect of genistein on bone homeostasis in mandibular subchondral bone of rats. Methods: Female SD rats were administered with genistein (10 and 50 mg/kg) or placebo by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Then the animals were sacrificed, and histomorphology and micro-structure of mandibular condyle were examined using HE staining and micro-CT analysis, respectively. The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in mandibular condyle were detected using real-time PCR. Cultured osteoblasts were prepared from rat mandibular condyle for in in vitro study. The cells were treated with genistein (10 -7 or 10 -4 mol/L) for 48 h. The expression of the bone homeostasis-associated factors and estrogen receptors (ERs) was detected using realtime PCR, and ER silencing was performed. Results: At both the low-and high-doses, genistein significantly increased the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume, and resulted in thicker subchondral trabecular bone in vivo. In both in vivo and in vitro study, the low-dose genistein significantly increased the expression of ALP, OC and OPG, but decreased the expression of RANKL and the RANKL/OPG ratio. The high-dose genistein decreased the expression of all these bone homeostasis-associated factors. Both the low and high doses of genistein significantly increased the expression of ERβ, while ERα expression was increased by the low dose genistein and decreased by the high dose genistein. ERβ silencing abrogated most of the effects of genistein treatment. Conclusion: In rat mandibular condylar subchondral bone, low-dose genistein increases bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, while excess genistein inhibits both bone formation and resorption. The effects of genistein were predominantly mediated through ERβ.

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The incidence of osteoa‐rthritis of the temporomandibular joint in various cultures

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Network Science in Egyptology

Network Science in Egyptology

Dental attrition and degenerative arthritis of the temporomandibular joint

Dose-dependent effects of genistein on bone homeostasis in rats' mandibular subchondral bone

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