The influence of analgesic drugs in road crashes

Chesher, G. B.

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90031-4

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Third, persons who have recently used pain medication may be affected by withdrawal symptoms associated with narcotic use [Chester, 1985]. This could reduce, again, the attention paid to the changing environment, elevating the risk of injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain, medication, and injury in older farmers

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain, medication, and injury in older farmers

et al. 2006

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“…For example, methadone has been shown to influence performance in non-opioid users, in areas such as reaction time, information processing and visual acuity [84,92,133]. However, few studies have found any evidence of methadoneinduced performance decrements in methadone maintenance (MM) patients, presumably due to their opioid tolerance [84,92,133,138]. There is some evidence of a dose-related response for methadone and other opioids, indicating that the lack of evidence for significant opioid-induced impairment may be due to the low doses of opioids administered in the majority of laboratory studies [118,136,137].…”

Section: Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions

Kelly

Darke

Ross

2004

Drug and Alcohol Review

372

240

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The existing literature on the prevalence of drug driving, the effects of drugs on driving performance, risk factors and risk perceptions associated with drug driving was reviewed. The 12-month prevalence of drug driving among the general population is approximately 4%. Drugs are detected commonly among those involved in motor vehicle accidents, with studies reporting up to 25% of accident-involved drivers positive for drugs. Cannabis is generally the most common drug detected in accident-involved drivers, followed by benzodiazepines, cocaine, amphetamines and opioids. Polydrug use is common among accident-involved drivers. Studies of impairment indicate an undeniable association between alcohol and driving impairment. There is also evidence that cannabis and benzodiazepines increase accident risk. The most equivocal evidence surrounds opioids and stimulants. It is apparent that drugs in combination with alcohol, and multiple drugs, present an even greater risk. Demographically, young males are over-represented among drug drivers. Although there is an association between alcohol use problems and drink driving, it is unclear whether such an association exists between drug use problems and drug driving. Evidence surrounding psychosocial factors and driving behaviour is also equivocal at this stage. While most drivers perceive drug driving to be dangerous and unacceptable, there is less concern about impaired driving among drug drivers and drink drivers than from those who have not engaged in impaired driving. Risk perceptions differ according to drug type, with certain drugs (e.g. cannabis) seen as producing less impairment than others (e.g. alcohol). It is concluded that drug driving is a significant problem, both in terms of a general public health issue and as a specific concern for drug users.

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“…Commonly used drugs, such as benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and narcotic analgesics, have also been implicated as contributing factors to accidents in the general community (20,21). Their role in causing accidents in commercial vehicle drivers has not been described.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleepiness, Sleep-disordered Breathing, and Accident Risk Factors in Commercial Vehicle Drivers

Desai

Grunstein

Hukins

et al. 2004

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

403

246

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Sleep-disordered breathing and excessive sleepiness may be more common in commercial vehicle drivers than in the general population. The relative importance of factors causing excessive sleepiness and accidents in this population remains unclear. We measured the prevalence of excessive sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing and assessed accident risk factors in 2,342 respondents to a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 3,268 Australian commercial vehicle drivers and another 161 drivers among 244 invited to undergo polysomnography. More than half (59.6%) of drivers had sleep-disordered breathing and 15.8% had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Twenty-four percent of drivers had excessive sleepiness. Increasing sleepiness was related to an increased accident risk. The sleepiest 5% of drivers on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire had an increased risk of an accident (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, p = 0.02 and OR 2.23, p < 0.01, respectively) and multiple accidents (OR 2.67, p < 0.01 and OR 2.39, p = 0.01), adjusted for established risk factors. There was an increased accident risk with narcotic analgesic use (OR 2.40, p < 0.01) and antihistamine use (OR 3.44, p = 0.04). Chronic excessive sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing are common in Australian commercial vehicle drivers. Accident risk was related to increasing chronic sleepiness and antihistamine and narcotic analgesic use.

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The influence of analgesic drugs in road crashes

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Pain, medication, and injury in older farmers

Pain, medication, and injury in older farmers

A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions

Sleepiness, Sleep-disordered Breathing, and Accident Risk Factors in Commercial Vehicle Drivers

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