Exercise interventions reduce risk and rate of falls. Research is needed to confirm the contexts in which multifactorial assessment and intervention, home safety interventions, vitamin D supplementation, and other interventions are effective.

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ACH YEAR, PHYSICIANS IN CANAdian and US emergency departments (EDs) treat more than 8 million patients with head injury, representing approximately 6.7% of the 120 million total ED visits. 1 Although some of these patients have sustained moderate or severe head injury leading to death or serious morbidity, the vast majority of patients are classified as having minimal or minor head injury. 2,3 Patients with minimal head injury have not experienced loss of consciousness or other neurological alteration. Minor head injury or concussion is defined by a history of loss of consciousness, amnesia, or disorientation See also pp 1519 and 1551 and Patient Page.

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