The Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Concentration of Pesticides, Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties in the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Perú

Ligarda-Samanez, Carlos A.; Choque-Quispe, David; Ramos-Pacheco, Betsy S.; Peralta-Guevara, Diego E.; Moscoso, Elibet Moscoso; Rincón, Henry Palomino; Carrión, Mary L. Huamán

doi:10.18517/ijaseit.11.5.14683

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In order to formulate the WQI HA equation, the sum of SI PC , SI HM , and SI OM with weights 0.3, 0.3, and 0.4, respectively were considered, taking as weight criteria the importance and the major source of pollution for high Andean rivers which are agricultural, livestock, and domestic activities [5][6][7]12].…”

Section: Quality Index Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the nitrogen series, levels of 0.0 mg/L for nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium, as well as phosphates (Table 7) were observed, especially in the high places of the high Andean basin of Chumbao (Figure 5). However, there is anthropic activity [10,26,92], mainly livestock activity (open field rearing of alpacas, sheep, and cattle) [6,12].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Quality Parameters Of The Chumbao Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the values of Zn were not detectable in the study seasons (Figure 6). mainly livestock activity (open field rearing of alpacas, sheep, and cattle) [6,12]. Concerning the level of selected heavy metals, maximum values of 1.50 ug/L, 83.0 ug/L, and 0.61 mg/L were observed for Pb, Cr, and Fe, with minimum values close to 0.0 mg/L (Table 8).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Quality Parameters Of The Chumbao Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The headwaters of the basin serve as a water pocket zone through wetlands and lagoons and these are rich in active and reserve metal mining deposits [4,5]. In addition, grazing activities are developed for auquenids such as the llama, alpaca, and vicuña; and the massive cultivation of potatoes and quinoa with the use of conventional and high-technological irrigation systems [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal of a Water-Quality Index for High Andean Basins: Application to the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru

Choque-Quispe

Froehner

Palomino-Rincón

et al. 2022

Water

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The water from the high Andean rivers is peculiar due to its composition and the geomorphology of its sources, and naturally or anthropogenically contamination is not discarded along its course. This water is used for agriculture and human consumption, therefore knowing its quality is important. This research aimed to proposing and formulate a water-quality index for high Andean basins through the Delphi method, and its application in the Chumbao River located in Andahuaylas-Peru. Forty-three water-quality parameters were evaluated through the Delphi method, and the water-quality index (WQIHA) was formulated with a weighted average of the weights of the selected parameters, it was compared with the WQI Dinius. For this purpose, ten sampling points were considered along the Chumbao River located between 4274 and 2572 m of altitude and the WQIHA was applied. In addition, field and laboratory analyses were carried out in 2018, 2019, and 2021, in dry and rainy seasons. Twenty parameters were grouped in the physicochemical sub-index (SIPC), heavy metals sub-index (SIHM), and organic matter sub-index (SIOM). Each group contributed with weights of 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively, for the WQIHA formulation. The SIPC and SIOM showed that the areas near the head of the basin presented excellent and good quality, while the urbanized areas were qualified as marginal to poor; SIHM reported good quality in all points and seasons. Regarding the WQIHA, the index shows good quality in the zones above 3184 m of altitude, contrasting with poor quality downstream, decreasing notably in both seasons, suggesting continuous degradation of the water body.

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Section: Quality Index Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Quality Parameters Of The Chumbao Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Quality Parameters Of The Chumbao Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal of a Water-Quality Index for High Andean Basins: Application to the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru

Choque-Quispe

Froehner

Palomino-Rincón

et al. 2022

Water

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“…The high Andean rivers are a source of fresh water and allow the development of anthropic activities in the surrounding communities, such as agriculture, cattle raising, aquaculture, industry, energy, and water supply [1][2][3][4]. They are collectors of domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewater, and transport organic and inorganic substances [5] that alter the natural composition and quality of water [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Pollution Indexes Proposal for a High Andean River Using Multivariate Statistics: Case of Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Apurímac

Ramos-Pacheco

Choque-Quispe

Ligarda-Samanez

et al. 2023

Water

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Pollution indexes are instruments that allow a quick interpretation of water quality, combining physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters to generate a numerical value. Our aim was to evaluate spatial and temporal-spatial water quality and propose a water pollution index (WPI) for high Andean rivers using multivariate statistics. Data on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were collected from the river water of the Chumbao sub-basin during the rainy and dry seasons at eight sampling points. The laboratory and field analysis methods were developed following the methodology proposed by the APHA. Spearman’s correlation, cluster analysis, and discriminate analysis were applied to evaluate water quality’s spatial and temporal variation and principal component analysis/factor analysis to identify critical parameters to formulate the Water Pollution Index (WPI). The parameters with the most incidence in water quality were color, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand oxygen, ammonia, total phosphorus, lead, chromium, and thermotolerant coliforms. The inorganic pollution index (IPI) was obtained from conductivity, lead, and chromium, reporting pollution levels for the river water between “none” to “high”; and the organic pollution index (OPI) was obtained from dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand oxygen, ammonia, total phosphorus, color, and thermotolerant coliforms, with levels of “low” to “very high” pollution. The proposed pollution indexes are water management instruments that evaluate water quality.

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The Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Concentration of Pesticides, Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties in the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Perú

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Proposal of a Water-Quality Index for High Andean Basins: Application to the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru

Proposal of a Water-Quality Index for High Andean Basins: Application to the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru

Water Pollution Indexes Proposal for a High Andean River Using Multivariate Statistics: Case of Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Apurímac

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