The influence of anticipated monetary incentives on visual working memory performance in healthy younger and older adults

Manga, Annamária; Vakli, Pál; Vidnyánszky, Zoltán

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65723-5

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This explanation is consistent with another recent study that also found no effect of reward on total capacity in an orientation estimation task similar to ours (Brissenden et al, 2021). However, it is inconsistent with yet another recent study that did find an effect, albeit with modest effect sizes and only in one of their two subject groups (Manga et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task

Berg

Zou

2019

Preprint

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ABTRACT 12 Previous work has shown that humans distribute their visual working memory (VWM) 13 resources flexibly across items: the higher the importance of an item, the better it is 14 remembered. A related, but much less studied question is whether people also have control 15 over the total amount of VWM resource allocated to a task. Here, we address this question by 16 testing whether increasing monetary incentives results in better overall VWM performance. In 17 two experiments, a total of 380 subjects performed a delayed-estimation task on the Amazon 18 Turk platform. The base payment was $1 in Experiment 1 and $5 in Experiment 2. 19Additionally, subjects received a bonus payment based on their performance. The maximum 20 bonus that a subject could receive differed between groups and ranged from $0 to $10 in 21 Experiment 1 and from $0.50 to $4 in Experiment 2. On average, performance was better in 22 Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1, but we found no effect of the amount of bonus on VWM 23 performance in either experiment. These findings provide further evidence for flexibility in 24

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task

Berg

Zou

2019

Preprint

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“…Instead, although the results were complex, they tended in the opposite direction, especially for young adults' response to new items. Given the complex patterns of incentive × set size interaction seen here and in other studies (e.g., Manga et al, 2020;Thurm et al, 2018), we do not discuss them further. Full model results are presented in Supplemental Materials (S4 for the contrasts; S8 and S14 for the marginal means).…”

Section: Drift Ratesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Opposite reactions to loss incentive by young and older adults: Insights from diffusion modeling

H¹,

Lewis²,

Lustig³

2021

Preprint

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The prospect of loss becomes more salient in later life, and the opportunity to avoid loss is often used to motivate older adults. We examined the effect of loss incentive on working memory in young and older adults. Diffusion-modeling analyses, manipulation of task parameters, and self-report measures identified which aspects of cognitive-motivational processing were most affected within each group. As predicted, loss incentive increased working memory performance and self-reported motivation in young adults, but, consistent with prior work, had the opposite effect in older adults. Diffusion-modeling analyses suggested the primary effect was on the quality of the memory representation (drift rate). Incentive did not interact with retention interval or the number of items in the memory set. Instead, longer retention intervals led to better performance, potentially by improved differentiation between studied items and the unstudied probe as a function of temporal context. Overall, the results do not support theories suggesting that older adults are either more motivated by loss or that they ignore it. Instead, the loss incentive increased young adults' performance and subjective motivation, with opposite effects for older adults. The specific impact on drift rate and lack of interactions with set size or retention interval suggest that rather than affecting load-dependent or strategic processes, the effects occur at a relatively global level related to overall task engagement.

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“…However, the reward effect is not merely mediated by working memory load (Pochon et al, 2002;Heritage et al, 2017;Fairclough et al, 2018;Gaillard et al, 2019), and participants with better working memory ability have shown the reward effect, while others did not (Thurm et al, 2018;Manga et al, 2020). Hence, working memory load is not sufficient to explain the inconsistent results of the previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…At the end of each trial, a feedback of reward amount (money in Chinese Yuan) was shown for 1,000 ms. Coin pictures were used to indicate locations to be remembered and reward cues (Hager et al, 2015;Di Rosa et al, 2019;Manga et al, 2020). The amount of reward depended on the performance (i.e., GS and LS) and reward conditions of participants and was calculated by the formula W * (GS+LS)/2), where W = 0 for No-reward, W = 1 for Low-reward, and W = 10 for High-reward.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, empirical results have revealed a complex relationship between reward and working memory. Under some circumstances, reward did improve working memory performance (Gilbert and Fiez, 2004;Taylor et al, 2004;Rowe et al, 2008;Beck et al, 2010;Savine et al, 2010;Marquand et al, 2011;Kawasaki and Yamaguchi, 2013;Sandry et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2015;Hammer et al, 2015;Fairclough and Ewing, 2017;Hefer and Dreisbach, 2017;Heritage et al, 2017;Klink et al, 2017;Allen and Ueno, 2018;Anna and Anna, 2018;Thurm et al, 2018;Gaillard et al, 2019;Magis-Weinberg et al, 2019;Manga et al, 2020;Sandry and Ricker, 2020), while other studies did not find the reward effect on working memory accuracy (Pochon et al, 2002;Krawczyk et al, 2007;Beck et al, 2010;Hager et al, 2015;Infanti et al, 2017;Smith et al, 2017;Fairclough et al, 2018;Di Rosa et al, 2019). A potential factor mediating the reward effect is working memory load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Reward Expectation Differentially Modulates Global and Local Spatial Working Memory Accuracy

2021

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Although it has been suggested that reward expectation affects the performance of spatial working memory tasks, controversial results have been found in previous experiments. Hence, it is still unclear to what extent reward expectation has an effect on working memory. To clarify this question, a memory-guided saccade task was applied, in which participants were instructed to retain and reconstruct a temporospatial sequence of four locations by moving their eyes in each trial. The global- and local-level spatial working memory accuracies were calculated to determine the reward effect on the global and local level of processing in spatial working memory tasks. Although high reward expectation enhanced the encoding of spatial information, the percentage of trials in which the cued location was correctly fixated decreased with increment of reward expectation. The reconstruction of the global temporospatial sequence was enhanced by reward expectation, whereas the local reconstruction performance was not affected by reward. Furthermore, the improvements in local representations of uncued locations and local sequences were at the cost of the representation of cued locations. The results suggest that the reward effect on spatial working memory is modulated by the level of processing, which supports the flexible resource theory during maintenance.

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The influence of anticipated monetary incentives on visual working memory performance in healthy younger and older adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task

No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task

Opposite reactions to loss incentive by young and older adults: Insights from diffusion modeling

Reward Expectation Differentially Modulates Global and Local Spatial Working Memory Accuracy

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