The Influence of Bacterial Activity in the Alimentary Canal of Rats on Faecal Nitrogen Excretion

Mason, V. C.; Palmer, Robert M.

doi:10.1080/00015127309433211

Cited by 77 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fairweather Tait et al (1983) have demonstrated that, although faecal N loss was increased in bean-fed rats, this loss could not be attributed to increased cell turnover. An alternative source of faecal N is bacterial N, which may be elevated in response to increased supply of fermentable organic matter to the caecal or colonic bacteria (Mason & Palmer, 1973;Goodlad & Mathers, 1990Key & Mathers, 1993b). Fermentation of supplemental GG and SA would be expected to increase bacterial cell growth in the large bowel (Key & Mathers, 1995) and to elevate bacterial N output in faeces.…”

Section: Fate Of Nsp Sources In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative gastrointestinal and plasma cholesterol responses of rats fed on cholesterol-free diets supplemented with guar gum and sodium alginate

Seal

Mathers

2001

Br J Nutr

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The present study investigated the digestion and cholesterol-lowering effects of the watersoluble NSP guar gum (GG) and sodium alginate (SA) in laboratory animals. Groups of five male Wistar strain rats were fed semi-purified cholesterol-free diets containing 0, 50 or 100 g NSP source/kg for 21 d which comprised a 14-d adaptation period followed by a 7-d balance period. Weight gain over the balance period and food conversion ratio decreased linearly with increasing NSP intake (P 0´006 and P 0´07 respectively). DM digestibility decreased with increasing NSP intake P 0´001 and this effect was greater for SA-containing diets compared with GG-containing diets P 0´001X At the lower inclusion rate, 0´9±1´0 of the additional NSP was digested, but this value fell to 0´8 for both NSP sources at the 100 g/kg inclusion rate, implying that the capacity for near complete digestion of the test NSP had been exceeded. Intestinal tissue mass was increased in response to inclusion of both NSP sources. Caecal digesta pH decreased linearly with additional GG, but increased slightly with consumption of SA. Total caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations (mmol/g caecal contents) increased markedly with 50 g GG/kg but did not increase further with 100 g GG/kg, and were slightly lower than control values in rats consuming SA. Plasma cholesterol concentration fell linearly P 0´03 with increasing NSP in the diet and the effect was similar for both GG and SA. Total output of faecal bile acids rose in rats fed 50 g GG/kg and 50 g SA/kg (59 mmol/7 d v. 24 mmol/7 d for control rats) with no further increase at the higher inclusion rate. These results show that SA has a strong hypocholesterolaemic effect in rats which is similar to that of GG, and that this effect is most likely to be mediated through an interruption in the entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids and not through increased hepatic supply of propionate from fermentation of the NSP in the large bowel.

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Section: Fate Of Nsp Sources In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative gastrointestinal and plasma cholesterol responses of rats fed on cholesterol-free diets supplemented with guar gum and sodium alginate

Seal

Mathers

2001

Br J Nutr

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“…Dietary fibre which is largely resistant to bacterial degradation, such as that from wheat bran, has good bulking capacity in the gut while easily-fermented dietary fibre, such as that found in non-cereal foods, can be utilized as a source of energy by bacteria (Mason & Palmer, 1973) and also by man (McNeil et al 1978). Fermentation increases colonic bacterial activity and leads to changes in bile acid and nitrogen metabolism (Cummings, 1983a) and the synthesis of vitamins (Rotenberg et al 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract: comparison between man and rat

et al. 1986

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I. The breakdown and faecal bulking capacity of dietary fibre preparations from wheat bran, apple, cabbage, carrot, and guar gum were compared in man and rat.2. The degradation of the fibre showed good correlation between man and rat (r 0.99, regression coefficient 0.86). Wheat bran was the least well-digested, 66 and 59% of the neutral sugars being excreted in faeces of man and rat respectively. The breakdown of the fibre in apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was more complete and 4 2 9 % of the neutral sugars were recovered in faeces.3. The main dietary fibre constituents in each preparation were degraded to a similar extent in man and rat. The main dietary fibre constituents of apple, carrot, cabbage and guar gum were almost completely degraded. Of the xylose in wheat bran 45% (man) and 48% (rat) were recovered in faeces. However, the percentage excretion of glucose and arabinose from bran was higher in man.4. A faecal glucan other than cellulose was identified in human faeces after guar gum, and has been provisionally identified as starch. No such glucan occurred in rat faeces.5. A good correlation between the faecal bulking capacity in man and rat was seen (r 0.97, regression coefficient 0.56). Wheat bran had the best bulking capacity, while that of apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was less pronounced. Faecal bulking was inversely related to the amount of fibre which was water-soluble in each preparation.6. It is concluded that this rat experimental model is useful for the prediction of fermentative breakdown and bulking capacity of dietary fibre in man. However, more comparative studies are needed to evaluate animal experiments regarding other physiological effects of dietary fibre.

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“…It comprises both degradation of exogenous and endogenous nitrogenous substrates and synthesis of microbial proteins (Rérat, 1978). Degradation mainly leads to the formation of ammonia which may be absorbed, but afterwards almost fully excreted in the form of urinary urea (Zebrowska, 1973); the extent of microbial protein synthesis depends on the amount of residual fermentable carbohydrates (Mason and Palmer, 1973;Mason et al, 1976;Bergner, 1982). However, the nutritional impact of these modifications seems to be limited as there is almost no AA absorption at that level of the intestine (Zebrowska, 1973 (1982) and Darcy et al (1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. II. Ileal and faecal digestibilities and absorption of amino acids

Darcy‐Vrillon¹,

Souffrant²,

Laplace³

et al. 1991

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― The present work aimed at quantifying nitrogen (N) and amino acid (AA) fluxes in the digestive tract of growing pigs fed a casein diet. In this paper we report on digesta passage at the terminal ileum, on apparent balances at the ileal and faecal levels, and on nutrients appearance in the portal vein. Digesta flow-rate at the terminal ileum was maximum between 6 and 12 h after the meal. About 10% of N and 5% of total AA ingested were recovered within 24 h. AA absorption started 30 min after the meal, and was measurable until 13 to 14 h. The total AA absorbed in 24 h accounted for 128% of the AA ingested. The

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The Influence of Bacterial Activity in the Alimentary Canal of Rats on Faecal Nitrogen Excretion

Cited by 77 publications

References 48 publications

Comparative gastrointestinal and plasma cholesterol responses of rats fed on cholesterol-free diets supplemented with guar gum and sodium alginate

Comparative gastrointestinal and plasma cholesterol responses of rats fed on cholesterol-free diets supplemented with guar gum and sodium alginate

Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract: comparison between man and rat

Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. II. Ileal and faecal digestibilities and absorption of amino acids

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