The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

Rytel, Liliana; Gonkowski, Sławomir

doi:10.3390/ijms21124543

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Moreover, resiniferatoxin and tetrodotoxin induced a drop in cholinergic, nNOS-immunoreactive urinary-bladder-supplying neuronal cells in PCG with an additional increase in non-cholinergic, nNOS-positive perikarya, similar to the current findings [24]. Studies on ER-impacting Bisphenol A confirmed a measurable impact on the number of uterine nerve fibers, in which it significantly increased the population of nitrergic nerves in either low or high doses [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Uterine Inflammation Changes the Expression of Cholinergic Neurotransmitters and Decreases the Population of AChE-Positive, Uterus-Innervating Neurons in the Paracervical Ganglion of Sexually Mature Gilts

Miciński

Jana

Całka

2022

Animals

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The focus of this study was based on examining the impact of endometritis on the chemical coding of the paracervical ganglion (PCG) perikaryal populations supplying pig uterus. Four weeks after the injection of Fast Blue retrograde tracer into uterine horns, either the Escherichia coli (E. coli) suspension or saline solution was applied to both horns. Laparotomy treatment was performed for the control group. Uterine cervices containing PCG were extracted on the eighth day after previous treatments. Subsequent macroscopic and histopathologic examinations acknowledged the severe form of acute endometritis in the E. coli-treated gilts, whereas double-labeling immunofluorescence procedures allowed changes to be analyzed in the PCG perikaryal populations coded with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and/or somatostatin (SOM), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), galanin (GAL). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) detection method was used to check for the presence and changes in the expression of this enzyme and further confirm the presence of cholinergic perikarya in PCG. Treatment with E. coli resulted in an increase in VAChT+/VIP+, VAChT+/VIP-, VAChT+/SOM+, VAChT+/SOM-, VAChT+/GAL- and VAChT+/nNOS- PCG uterine perikarya. An additional increase was noted in the non-cholinergic VIP-, SOM- and nNOS-immunopositive populations, as well as a decrease in the number of cholinergic nNOS-positive perikarya. Moreover, the population of cholinergic GAL-expressing perikarya that appeared in the E. coli-injected gilts and E. coli injections lowered the number of AChE-positive perikarya. The neurochemical characteristics of the cholinergic uterine perikarya of the PCG were altered and influenced by the pathological state (inflammation of the uterus). These results may indicate the additional influence of such a state on the functioning of this organ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Uterine Inflammation Changes the Expression of Cholinergic Neurotransmitters and Decreases the Population of AChE-Positive, Uterus-Innervating Neurons in the Paracervical Ganglion of Sexually Mature Gilts

Miciński

Jana

Całka

2022

Animals

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“…In the reproductive system BPA causes changes in the uterus manifested by the increase in the thickness of the endometrium and number of fibroblasts, as well as by the inhibition of apoptosis [ 43 , 44 ]. These changes are accompanied by disturbances in estrus cycle, embryo implantation after fertilization, motor activity of the uterus, sex hormones levels and secretion of active substances by nervous structures supplying the uterine [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Exposure to BPA may contribute to development of endometriosis and cervical cancer [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Affects the Enteric Neurons Immunoreactive to Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in the Enteric Nervous System of the Porcine Large Intestine

Szymańska

Makowska

Całka

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by complex organization and a high degree of neurochemical diversity of neurons. One of the less known active neuronal substances found in the enteric neurons is neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a factor known to be involved in the assurance of normal development of the nervous system. During the study, made up using the double immunofluorescence technique, the presence of NRG1 in the ENS of the selected segment of porcine large intestine (caecum, ascending and descending colon) was observed in physiological conditions, as well as under the impact of low and high doses of bisphenol A (BPA) which is commonly used in the production of plastics. In control animals in all types of the enteric plexuses, the percentage of NRG1-positive neurons oscillated around 20% of all neurons. The administration of BPA caused an increase in the number of NRG1-positive neurons in all types of the enteric plexuses and in all segments of the large intestine studied. The most visible changes were noted in the inner submucous plexus of the ascending colon, where in animals treated with high doses of BPA, the percentage of NRG1-positive neurons amounted to above 45% of all neuronal cells. The mechanisms of observed changes are not entirely clear, but probably result from neurotoxic, neurodegenerative and/or proinflammatory activity of BPA and are protective and adaptive in nature.

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“…The neuronal structures in the muscular layer of the aortic arch were studied using double immunofluorescence labeling. Labeling was performed according to the method described previously by Rytel et al [5]. The method comprised the following stages (performed in rt): (1) drying of the slices (1 h); (2) treatment with solution consisting of 10% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 0.01% NaN3, 0.25% Triton x-100, and 0.05% thimerosal in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 1 h; (3) treatment with a combination of two primary antibodies from various species (Table 1): the first was directed against a pan-neuronal marker (protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)) and the second against one of the other neuronal factors studies, i.e., CART, CGRP, nNOS, PACAP, VIP, GAL, or SOM (overnight); (4) incubation with the combination of secondary antibodies labeled with appropriate fluorochromes (Table 1) to visualize the complex "antigen-primary antibody" (1 h); ( 5) covering with buffered glycerol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its common use, BPA is present in the following components: tap water, soil, air, and dust [4]. It may penetrate into human and animal organisms through the digestive tract/system, respiratory system, skin, and placenta (in utero) [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol a Affects the Neurochemical Profile of Nerve Fibers in the Aortic Arch Wall in the Domestic Pig

Rytel

Könyves

Gonkowski

2022

IJERPH

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized in industry for the production of various plastics. BPA penetrates into the environment and adversely affects living organisms. Therefore, the influence of various BPA dosages on the neurochemical characteristics of nerve fibers located in the aortic branch wall was investigated in this study utilizing a double immunofluorescence method. It was found that BPA in concentration of 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day causes a clear increase in the density of nerves within aortic branch walls immunoreactive to cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Nerves containing galanin (GAL) and/or somatostatin (SOM) did not change when BPA was introduced into the system. Changes noted after administration of BPA at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day were less visible and concerned fibers immunoreactive to CART, CGRP, and/or PACAP. The obtained results show that BPA affects the neurochemical coding of nerves in the aortic branch wall. These fluctuations may be the first signs of the influence of this substance on blood vessels and may also be at the root of the disturbances in the cardiovascular system.

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The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Uterine Inflammation Changes the Expression of Cholinergic Neurotransmitters and Decreases the Population of AChE-Positive, Uterus-Innervating Neurons in the Paracervical Ganglion of Sexually Mature Gilts

Uterine Inflammation Changes the Expression of Cholinergic Neurotransmitters and Decreases the Population of AChE-Positive, Uterus-Innervating Neurons in the Paracervical Ganglion of Sexually Mature Gilts

The Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Affects the Enteric Neurons Immunoreactive to Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in the Enteric Nervous System of the Porcine Large Intestine

Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol a Affects the Neurochemical Profile of Nerve Fibers in the Aortic Arch Wall in the Domestic Pig

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