The influence of climate and hydrological variables on opposite anomaly in active-layer thickness between Eurasian and North American watersheds

Park, Hotaek; Walsh, John E.; Fedorov, A.A.; Sherstiukov, A. B.; Iijima, Yoshihiro; Ohata, Tetsuo

doi:10.5194/tc-7-631-2013

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…4b), averaged across all sites. In a previous study, CHANGE revealed a cooling bias of −2.1 °C for T SOIL at depths of 0.8-1.2 m (Park et al 2013a). The improved simulation of T SOIL in this study may be partially attributable to the extension of soil depth to 50.5 m.…”

Section: Permafrost Temperature and Active Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 38%

“…However, there was better agreement between simulated and observed patterns in western North America, where there are more stations than in the east, and where a decrease in SND has already been identified (Schindler and Donahue 2006). The decrease of snow cover in this region resulted in soil drought and therefore shallower ALTs (Park et al 2013a). Figure 2 compares interannual anomalies in observed and simulated winter SNDs on the pan-Arctic scale.…”

Section: Snow Cover Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Other studies have identified increases in the ALT in Russia (Frauenfeld et al 2004) and North America (Smith et al 2010), as well as at some sites of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) network (Nelson 2004). Models have also simulated deeper ALTs at watershed or continental scales (Oelke et al 2004;Zhang et al 2005;Koven et al 2011;Burke et al 2013;Park et al 2013a). However, ground warming does not always respond linearly to surface warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In North America, the differences in soil warming changes relative to rising air temperature suggest the effects of other factors on the ground thermal state. A process-based model has simulated the negative anomaly of ALT in the Mackenzie and Yukon watersheds since 1990 and has highlighted the effects of decreases in both snow depth (SND) and soil moisture (Park et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of snow cover on pan-Arctic permafrost thermal regimes

et al. 2014

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in winter, due to insulation of the soil resulting from early cooling. Simulations revealed that T SOIL tended to increase over most of the pan-Arctic from 1901 to 2009, and that this increase was significant in northern regions, especially in northeastern Siberia where SND is responsible for 50 % or more of the changes in T SOIL at a depth of 3.6 m. In the same region, ALT also increased at a rate of approximately 2.3 cm per decade. The most sensitive response of ALT to changes in SND appeared in the southern boundary regions of permafrost, in contrast to permafrost temperatures within the 60°N-80°N region, which were more sensitive to changes in snow cover. Finally, our model suggests that snow cover contributes to the warming of permafrost in northern regions and could play a more important role under conditions of future Arctic warming.

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Section: Permafrost Temperature and Active Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 38%

Section: Snow Cover Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of snow cover on pan-Arctic permafrost thermal regimes

et al. 2014

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“…Due to global climate warming, significant efforts have been devoted to permafrost research, such as permafrost variations on the hemispheric-scale permafrost temperature changes (Wu and Zhang, 2008;Guglielmin and Cannone, 2012;Streletskiy et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2015), permafrost degradation (Jorgenson et al, 2006;Ravanel et al, 2010;Sannel and Kuhry, 2011;Streletskiy et al, 2015a;Park et al, 2016), hydrological processes in permafrost regions Wang et al, 2009;Park et al, 2013;Streletskiy et al, 2015b;Ford and Frauenfeld, 2016), feedbacks to climate change (Schuur et al, 2008;Park et al, 2015;Abbott et al, 2016), and other aspects. The increasing thickness of the active layer has been indicated by many observations in permafrost regions at high latitudes and altitudes (Brown et al, 2000;Frauenfeld et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2005;Fyodorov-Davydov et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2010;Callaghan et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2014a, b;Stocker et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change has repercussions for the surface energy and water balance, ecosystems, the carbon cycle, and soil nutrient exchange. Despite its importance, the response of soil freeze depth to climate change is largely unknown. This study employs the Stefan solution and observations from 845 meteorological stations to investigate the response of variations in soil freeze depth to climate change across China. Observations include daily air temperatures, daily soil temperatures at various depths, mean monthly gridded air temperatures, and the normalized difference vegetation index. Results show that soil freeze depth decreased significantly at a rate of −0.18 ± 0.03 cm yr −1 , resulting in a net decrease of 8.05 ± 1.5 cm over 1967-2012 across China. On the regional scale, soil freeze depth decreases varied between 0.0 and 0.4 cm yr −1 in most parts of China during 1950-2009. By investigating potential climatic and environmental driving factors of soil freeze depth variability, we find that mean annual air temperature and ground surface temperature, air thawing index, ground surface thawing index, and vegetation growth are all negatively associated with soil freeze depth. Changes in snow depth are not correlated with soil freeze depth. Air and ground surface freezing indices are positively correlated with soil freeze depth. Comparing these potential driving factors of soil freeze depth, we find that freezing index and vegetation growth are more strongly correlated with soil freeze depth, while snow depth is not significant. We conclude that air temperature increases are responsible for the decrease in seasonal freeze depth. These results are important for understanding the soil freeze-thaw dynamics and the impacts of soil freeze depth on ecosystem and hydrological process.

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Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges

et al. 2016

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Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which is a component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review the central freshwater processes in the terrestrial Arctic drainage and how they function and change across seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, and wetlands). We also highlight links between terrestrial hydrology and other components of the Arctic freshwater system. In terms of key processes, snow cover extent and duration is generally decreasing on a pan-Arctic scale, but snow depth is likely to increase in the Arctic tundra. Evapotranspiration will likely increase overall, but as it is coupled to shifts in landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain and may vary over time. Streamflow will generally increase with increasing precipitation, but high and low flows may decrease in some regions. Continued permafrost thaw will trigger hydrological change in multiple ways, particularly through increasing connectivity between groundwater and surface water and changing water storage in lakes and soils, which will influence exchange of moisture with the atmosphere. Other effects of hydrological change include increased risks to infrastructure and water resource planning, ecosystem shifts, and growing flows of water, nutrients, sediment, and carbon to the ocean. Coordinated efforts in monitoring, modeling, and processing studies at various scales are required to improve the understanding of change, in particular at the interfaces between hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans.

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The influence of climate and hydrological variables on opposite anomaly in active-layer thickness between Eurasian and North American watersheds

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of snow cover on pan-Arctic permafrost thermal regimes

Effect of snow cover on pan-Arctic permafrost thermal regimes

Response of seasonal soil freeze depth to climate change across China

Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges

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