The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages

Drake, Lee

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.029

Cited by 154 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our observations are in general agreement with the multi-proxy evidence of millennial to centennial-scale climate variability across the Mediterranean region during proto-historic times (Mayewski et al, 2004;Piva et al, 2008;Nieto-Moreno et al, 2011;Drake, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Sarti

Rossi

Amorosi

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Sarti

Rossi

Amorosi

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Thus, the event likely reflects a change also related to climate-hydrology. The interval coincides with events documented in both archaeological and palaeoclimate records around the eastern Mediterranean (see review in Drake, 2012) that may have led to cultural demise at the end of the late Bronze Age. Associated with this cold event is a decrease of the Aegean Sea winter surface temperatures, as documented by Rohling et al (2002).…”

Section: Drȃguşin Et Al: Constraining Holocene Hydrological Changsupporting

confidence: 78%

Constraining Holocene hydrological changes in the Carpathian–Balkan region using speleothem δ<sup>18</sup>O and pollen-based temperature reconstructions

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Here we present a speleothem isotope record (POM2) from Ascunsȃ Cave (Romania) that provides new data on past climate changes in the Carpathian-Balkan region from 8.2 ka until the present. This paper describes an approach to constrain the effect of temperature changes on calcite δ 18 O values in stalagmite POM2 over the course of the middle Holocene (6-4 ka), and across the 8.2 and 3.2 ka rapid climate change events. Independent pollen temperature reconstructions are used to this purpose. The approach combines the temperature-dependent isotope fractionation of rain water during condensation and fractionation resulting from calcite precipitation at the given cave temperature. The only prior assumptions are that pollen-derived average annual temperature reflects average cave temperature, and that pollen-derived coldest and warmest month temperatures reflect the range of condensation temperatures of rain above the cave site. This approach constrains a range of values between which speleothem δ 18 O changes should be found if controlled only by surface temperature variations at the cave site. Deviations of the change in δ 18 O c_spel values from the calculated temperature-constrained range of change are interpreted towards large-scale variability of climate-hydrology.Following this approach, we show that an additional ∼ 0.6 ‰ enrichment of δ 18 O c in the POM2 stalagmite was caused by changing hydrological patterns in SW Romania across the middle Holocene, most likely comprising local evaporation from the soil and an increase in Mediterranean moisture δ 18 O. Further, by extending the calculations to other speleothem records from around the entire Mediterranean basin, it appears that all eastern Mediterranean speleothems recorded a similar isotopic enrichment due to changing hydrology, whereas all changes recorded in speleothems from the western Mediterranean are fully explained by temperature variation alone. This highlights a different hydrological evolution between the two sides of the Mediterranean.Our results also demonstrate that during the 8.2 ka event, POM2 stable isotope data essentially fit the temperatureconstrained isotopic variability. In the case of the 3.2 ka event, an additional climate-related hydrological factor is more evident. This implies a different rainfall pattern in the Southern Carpathian region during this event at the end of the Bronze Age.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…10 In any event, the palynological records mentioned above suggest that the dry spell at the end of the Late Bronze took place across a vast geographical area-at least from northern Turkey to the Nile Delta. Drake (2012) argues that the Levant arid phase was shorter in duration, suggesting that it may have been milder than in other regions, such as Anatolia or mainland Greece. The Lake Van isotopic record corroborates this assumption (Litt et al 2009).…”

Section: The Late Bronze Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant

2013

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The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages

Cited by 154 publications

References 57 publications

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Constraining Holocene hydrological changes in the Carpathian–Balkan region using speleothem δ<sup>18</sup>O and pollen-based temperature reconstructions

Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant

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The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages

Cited by 154 publications

References 57 publications

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Climatic signature of two mid–late Holocene fluvial incisions formed under sea-level highstand conditions (Pisa coastal plain, NW Tuscany, Italy)

Constraining Holocene hydrological changes in the Carpathian–Balkan region using speleothem δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and pollen-based temperature reconstructions

Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant

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Constraining Holocene hydrological changes in the Carpathian–Balkan region using speleothem δ<sup>18</sup>O and pollen-based temperature reconstructions