The influence of cold pack on labour pain relief and birth outcomes: a randomised controlled trial

Shirvani, Marjan Ahmad; Ganji, Jila

doi:10.1111/jocn.12413

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The decrease in pain was higher in the ice application group. Furthermore, the current finding is in harmony with the study of Shirvani & Ganji (2014) [32] who had conducted a randomized controlled trial about the influence of cold pack on labour pain relief and birth outcomes in Iran. They reported that labor pain intensity using VAS was significantly lower in cold therapy group compared with control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…[37] The current finding is relatively in accordance with two studies. First the pervious mentioned study done by Shirvani et al (2013), [32] which reported that maternal satisfactory rate was higher in cold therapy group compared to control group. Second, Abdel Ghani (2014) [38] who did study about effect of heat and cold therapy during the first stage of labor on women perception of birth experience in Egypt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous

Al-Battawi

Mahmoud²,

Essa³

2017

JNEP

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Labor pain management is one of the main goals of maternity care. Ice application or cooling has been claimed to be as an effective, safe and non-invasive adjuvant mean for providing pain relief during the first stage of labor. Aim of the study: To evaluate effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous. Research design: None-randomized-controlled clinical trial research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at labor and delivery unit of El Shatby Maternity University Hospital affiliated to Alexandria University. Subjects: Convenience sample of 80 pregnant women attending the previously mentioned setting were recruited in the study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous

Al-Battawi

Mahmoud²,

Essa³

2017

JNEP

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“…Also, more reduction of pain was observed at the first phase during 5 -6 cm, 7 -8 cm, and 9 -10 cm dilata-tions in the heat therapy group compared with the control group. Most studies did not compare the relieving effect of heat and cold (23). In the current study, the heat therapy intervention was also conducted at the second phase of labor, which also showed the reduction of pain at the second phase in heat therapy group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Results showed that the severity of pain was reduced in the first phase of labor during 5 -6 cm, 7 -8 cm, and 9 -10 cm dilatations as well as the second phase, and this pain reduction was statistically significant compared with that of the control group (7). In the current study, although the method of intervention was not frequently repeated and the effects of cold and heat therapy were examined separately, the obtained results regarding the reduction of pain severity at the first phase during 5 -6 cm, 7 -8 cm, and 9 -10 cm dilatations as well as the second phase of labor were consistent with the findings of Ganji et al Furthermore, results of the study by Shirvani et al, that investigated the effect of ice pack on pain reduction and labor outcomes showed that using ice pack on abdomen and back for 10 minutes every 30 minutes at the first phase and also on perineum for five minutes every 15 minutes at the second phase of labor could not significantly reduce the pain severity at the first phase during 5 -6 cm, 7 -8 cm, and 9 -10 cm dilatations as well as the second phase of labor (23). In their study, although pain intensity was slightly lower in the heat therapy group during labor, it was not significantly different among the three groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold therapy or cryotherapy as a non-pharmacological intervention has a range of surface application of deep massage with ice on the back, chest, rectum and perineum to reduce labor pain. This method, in addition to relieving pain has a healing effect on muscle spasms, reduces inflammation, and helps to improve tissue edema during labor (12,(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Localized Heat and Cold Therapy on Pain Intensity, Duration of Phases of Labor, and Birth Outcomes Among Primiparous Females: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2018

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Background: Pain is a common and unavoidable phenomenon in childbirth, and in terms of severity, childbirth pain is among the most severe pains in human. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of localized heat and cold therapy on pain intensity, duration of phases of labor, and birth outcomes among primiparous females. Satisfaction was also compared in the two intervention groups. Methods: The current randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 120 primiparous females in three groups (heat/ cold therapy, and control) from September 2015 to January 2016. Intensity of pain, duration of phases of labor, and birth outcomes were measured before and after intervention in the three groups. Satisfaction with localized heat and cold therapy was compared in the two intervention groups. No intervention was conducted in the control group. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact, Chi-square, the Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA tests with SPSS version 19. Results: After intervention, statistically significant difference was found in the average pain severity respectively among the heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups in dilations of 5 -6 cm (3.25 ± 0.91, 3.57 ± 1.14, 4.00 ± 1.37) 7 -8 cm (4.08 ± 0.91, 4.88 ± 1.05, 4.97 ± 1.17), and 9 -10 cm (6.00 ± 1.35, 6.40 ± 1.09, 7.80 ± 1.18) in the first and second phase of the labor (6.22 ± 1.13, 7.37 ± 1.08, 7.94 ± 1.08). There was a statistically significant differences in the average duration of first phase of labor, respectively among heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups (293.70 ± 68.97, 368.57 ± 79.82, 400.86 ± 77.43) and second phases of labor respectively among heat therapy, cold therapy, and control groups (42.85 ± 13.60, 51.71 ± 12.24, 46.85 ± 13.67), but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in terms of the average duration of labor in the third phase. No significant difference was observed between heat and cold therapy groups in terms of satisfaction. No significant difference was observed among the three groups in birth outcomes, including the mean first and fifth Apgar scores, time of cuddling newborn, and the first breastfeeding of newborn. Conclusions: Localized heat and cold therapy are non-pharmacological, non-invasive, satisfactory for the primiparous females, and effective methods to control and relieve pain during labor without adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcomes.

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Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma

Aasheim

Nilsen

Reinar

et al. 2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

192

112

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Moderate-quality evidence suggests that warm compresses, and massage, may reduce third- and fourth-degree tears but the impact of these techniques on other outcomes was unclear or inconsistent. Poor-quality evidence suggests hands-off techniques may reduce episiotomy, but this technique had no clear impact on other outcomes. There were insufficient data to show whether other perineal techniques result in improved outcomes.Further research could be performed evaluating perineal techniques, warm compresses and massage, and how different types of oil used during massage affect women and their babies. It is important for any future research to collect information on women's views.

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The influence of cold pack on labour pain relief and birth outcomes: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract: Local cold therapy could be included in labour pain management.

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous

Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous

The Effect of Localized Heat and Cold Therapy on Pain Intensity, Duration of Phases of Labor, and Birth Outcomes Among Primiparous Females: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma

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