The Influence of Cooling Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Commingled Yarn Composites

Shonaike, Gabriel O.; Hamada, Hiroyuki; Maekawa, Zenichiro; Matsuda, M.; Yuba, Tomoyuki; Matsuo, Tatsuki

doi:10.1177/089270579600900106

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This was also supported by Shonaike et al [22]. Table 1 summarises the fracture toughness values available in literature for a number of commingled composites.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Interlaminar Fracture of Commingled GF/PET Composite Laminates

Svensson¹,

Shishoo

Gilchrist

1998

Journal of Composite Materials

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The Mode I, Mode II and mixed mode (Mode I:II ratios of 4:1, 1:1 and 1:4) fracture behavior of novel textile glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (GF/PET) laminates has been investigated. The laminates were manufactured by compression molding two different fabrics produced by weaving and warp knitting commingled GF/PET yarns. The initiation fracture toughnesses of the woven laminates in pure Mode I and Mode II were slightly higher than those of the warp knitted laminates. For the mixed modes, the difference between the fracture toughnesses of the two materials was smaller. An extensive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the fracture surfaces was conducted to identify any characteristic failure mechanisms. The main fractographic features of the Mode I dominated failures were a brittle matrix failure and large amounts of fiber pull-out. As the Mode II loading component increased, the amount of fiber pull-out was reduced and the matrix had a more sheared appearance. A relatively large amount of cusps were found in pure Mode II and mixed mode I:II=1:4; such features are seldom seen in thermoplastic matrix composites. A general mixed mode failure criterion, which accounts for the appearance of the fracture surface, was evaluated and was seen to give a good fit to the experimental fracture toughness values.

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“…This was also supported by Shonaike et al [22]. Table 1 summarises the fracture toughness values available in literature for a number of commingled composites.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Interlaminar Fracture of Commingled GF/PET Composite Laminates

Svensson¹,

Shishoo

Gilchrist

1998

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Angles between fibre bundles promoted the formation of voids. Shonaike et al [12] examined commingled GF/PET composites and noted that the crystallinity of the matrix was not affected by different holding times during compression moulding. At short consolidation times many voids were whereas at consolidation times >5min the impregnation was complete without any voids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The manufacturing process parameters for the material have not yet been optimised. Observations of a good quality fibre/matrix bond in commingled GF/PET composites were made by Ye and Friedrich [11] and Shonaike et al [12]. One way to improve the adhesion between the reinforcing fibres and the matrix is by plasma treatment.…”

Section: Flexurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture and fatigue performance of textile commingled yarn composites

Gilchrist

Svensson²,

Shishoo

1998

Journal of Materials Science

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The response to mechanical loads of commingled warp knitted and woven glass fibre reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (GF/PET) laminates has been characterised. The mechanical properties of the two materials were determined under tension, in-plane shear and flexure. The flexural fatigue properties were determined for the woven laminates by means of three point bending tests with a loading ratio of R=0.1 at stress levels of 50-90% of the ultimate static strength. The Mode I, Mode II and mixed mode (Mode I:II ratios 4:1, 1:1 and 1:4) interlaminar fracture toughnesses of the laminates were determined by means of the double cantilever beam (DCB) and mixed mode bending (MMB) tests respectively. The main fractographic features, as determined by an scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, of the Mode I dominated failures were a brittle matrix failure and larger amounts of fibre pullout. As the Mode II loading component increased, the amount of fibre pull-out was reduced and the features of the matrix appeared to be more sheared. Cusps were found on the fracture surfaces of specimens tested in pure Mode II and mixed mode I:II=1:4. Cusps are normally not found in thermoplastic matrix composites.

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“…Recently, various techniques for improving impregnation of matrix resin into the reinforcements have been developed. The techniques include commingling, cowoven fabric, film stacking, and coated yarn 8–11. However, the adoption of woven fabrics as a form of reinforcement in composite fabrication is attributed to their flexibility, toughness, high impact resistance, and ease of fabrication at low cost 12–14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomer. I. The effect of woven glass mat reinforcement on tensile properties

Shonaike

Sugahara

Murakami

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An investigation was conducted on ionomer polymer. The ionomer pellets were molded into a thin sheet before fabrication into composites. The reinforcing agent used was woven glass mat. Before fabrication, the woven glass mat was treated with the following: 1. silane coupling agent for 5 min and dried at room temperature; 2. silane coupling agent for 5 min and dried in the oven at 110°C for 15 min; 3. Ultraviolet radiation for 5 min; and 4. silane (oven dried ϩ ultraviolet). The composites were fabricated at various pressure, time, and temperature. An ideal processing condition was established, i.e., pressure ϭ 5 MPa, temperature ϭ 180°C, and the impregnation time ϭ 30 min. The void contents of the composites were estimated using the ignition method and the tensile properties were measured. The results revealed that good impregnation of the matrix ionomer into the reinforcing agent can be achieved at 180°C. This was confirmed by low void content as compared with other test temperatures. Further clarification was through the tensile properties, which were higher than those at lower temperatures (120 and 150°C). The effect of fiber orientation was checked, and both 0 and 90°had identical strengths and moduli irrespective of the various fiber treatments. Apart from the void contents, the degree of impregnation was also checked based on the tensile strengths in 45, 25, and 60°fiber orientations.

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The Influence of Cooling Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Commingled Yarn Composites

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Interlaminar Fracture of Commingled GF/PET Composite Laminates

Interlaminar Fracture of Commingled GF/PET Composite Laminates

Fracture and fatigue performance of textile commingled yarn composites

Ionomer. I. The effect of woven glass mat reinforcement on tensile properties

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