The Influence of dairy manure on atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization in pasture soils

Entry, James A.; Emmingham, William H.

doi:10.4141/cjss95-054

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This means that the addition of these two amendments in soil stimulates microbial activity, but it also increases TA adsorption and hence reduces its availability in soil solution for microbial decomposition. This is in accordance with previous findings that reported a stimulation of microbial activity in soils amended with OAs (Entry and Emmingham 1995; Barriuso and Houot, 1996; Topp et al, 1996; Houot et al, 1998; Abdelhafid et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Influence of Different Organic Amendments on the Degradation, Metabolism, and Adsorption of Terbuthylazine

et al. 2007

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The behavior of the herbicide terbuthylazine (TA) was studied in a clay loam soil after the addition of different organic amendments (OAs). Addition of poultry compost (PC) and urban sewage sludge (USS) retarded degradation of TA with half-life values of 60.3 and 73.7 d, respectively. In contrast, addition of corn straw (CS) did not significantly alter the degradation of TA (half-life 55.5 d) compared with its degradation in nonamended soils (half-life 57.3 d). Sterilization of amended and nonamended soils resulted in a partial inhibition of TA degradation, indicating that biotic and abiotic processes are involved in TA degradation in soil. Degradation of TA led to the formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine, which was detected in low amounts (<8% of the initially applied TA) in all soils. Adsorption of TA was relatively low, with Kd values ranging from 2.31 L kg(-1) in the nonamended soil to 3.93 L kg(-1) in the soil amended with USS. In general, Kd values increased with increasing soil organic carbon content. The dissolved organic matter extracted from the OAs did not appear to interact with the pesticide or the soil surfaces, suggesting that it would not probably facilitate herbicide transport. Desorption studies indicated a slight hysteresis of TA desorption in the amended soils compared with TA desorption in the nonamended soil, which was entirely reversible. These findings might have practical implications for the environmental fate of TA in agricultural soils, where the studied OAs are commonly used.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Influence of Different Organic Amendments on the Degradation, Metabolism, and Adsorption of Terbuthylazine

et al. 2007

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“…Although this trend indicates that more atrazine degradation has occurred in older water, it is not clear if the degradation occurred as water flowed through the aquifer system, or if the degradation occurred in the soil zone. Atrazine degradation has been shown to be greater in conjunction with application of poultry litter and other manures than without litter or manure applications because there are larger populations of atrazine‐degrading microorganisms in the soil zone (Gupta and Baummer, 1996; Topp et al, 1996; Entry and Emmington, 1995). Based on results from these studies, the trend seen in groundwater at FM may be related to degradation of atrazine in the soil zone when larger amounts of poultry manure were applied to the fields, as is implied by the trend of heavier delta 15 N values in older water (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Transformation of Nutrients and Pesticides in a Coastal Plain Aquifer System, United States

2010

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Four local-scale sites in areas with similar corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] agriculture were studied to determine the effects of different hydrogeologic settings of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) on the transport of nutrients and pesticides in groundwater. Settings ranged from predominantly well-drained soils overlying thick, sandy surficial aquifers to predominantly poorly drained soils with complex aquifer stratigraphy and high organic matter content. Apparent age of groundwater, dissolved gases, N isotopes, major ions, selected pesticides and degradates, and geochemical environments in groundwater were studied. Agricultural chemicals were the source of most dissolved ions in groundwater. Specific conductance was strongly correlated with reconstructed nitrate (the sum of N in nitrate and N gas) (R(2) = 0.81, p < 0.0001), and is indicative of the relative degree of agricultural effects on groundwater. Trends in nitrate were primarily related to changes in manure and fertilizer use at the well-drained sites where aquifer conditions were consistently oxic. Nitrate was present in young groundwater but completely removed over time through denitrification at the poorly drained sites where there were variations in chemical input and in geochemical environment. Median concentrations of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide), and some of their common degradates were higher at well-drained sites than at poorly drained sites, with concentrations of degradates generally higher than those of the parent compounds at all sites. An increase in the percentage of deethylatrazine to total atrazine over time at one well-drained site may be related to changes in manure application.

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“…Addition of organic amendments may accelerate herbicide mineralization by stimulating microbial activity (14,16,34,35). From the data obtained, it can be deduced that atrazine did not interfere with enzymatic activity over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Enzymatic Vegetable Organic Extracts as Soil Biochemical Biostimulants and Atrazine Extenders

García-Martínez

Tejada

Díaz

et al. 2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The purpose of this study was to gather information on the potential effects of organic biostimulants on soil activity and atrazine biodegradation. Carob germ enzymatic extract (CGEE) and wheat condensed distiller solubles enzymatic extract (WCDS-EE) have been obtained using an enzymatic process; their main organic components are soluble carbohydrates and proteins in the form of peptides and free amino acids. Their application to soil results in high biostimulation, rapidly increased dehydrogenase, phosphatase and glucosidase activities, and an observed atrazine extender capacity due to inhibition of its mineralization. The extender capacity of both extracts is proportional to the protein/carbohydrate ratio content. As a result, these enzymatic extracts are highly microbially available, leading to two independent phenomena, fertility and an atrazine persistence that is linked to increased soil activity.

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The Influence of dairy manure on atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization in pasture soils

Abstract: (Shimp and Pfaender 1985). The co-metabolized substrate is acted on by exo enzymes which also serve other physiological functions for the microorganisms.

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of Different Organic Amendments on the Degradation, Metabolism, and Adsorption of Terbuthylazine

Influence of Different Organic Amendments on the Degradation, Metabolism, and Adsorption of Terbuthylazine

Trends and Transformation of Nutrients and Pesticides in a Coastal Plain Aquifer System, United States

Enzymatic Vegetable Organic Extracts as Soil Biochemical Biostimulants and Atrazine Extenders

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