The influence of drawing temperature on mechanical properties and organization of melt spun polyethylene solid-state drawn in the pseudo-affine regime

Hu, Xin; Alcock, B.; Loos, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.046

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This was assigned to the higher orientation of the polymer chains and the nanotubes at great take‐up velocities. It has also been shown that drawing at low temperatures43, 44 leads to an improvement in the breaking strain together with a lower failure strength and little variation in the Young's modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the spinning conditions on the structure and properties of polyamide 12/carbon nanotube composite fibers

Perrot¹,

Piccione²,

Zakri³

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The inclusion of nanoparticles in polymer fibers is potentially useful for improving or bringing new properties such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, piezoresistivity, and flame retardancy. In this study, composite fibers made of polyamide 12 and multiwall carbon nanotubes were investigated. The fibers were spun via a melt-spinning process and stretched at different draw ratios. The influence of several spinning factors, including spinning speed, extrusion rate, and draw ratio were investigated and correlated to the structure and properties of the fibers. X-ray diffraction analyses and mechanical tests indicated that the spinning speed barely affected the structure and mechanical properties of the fibers under tension. The spinning speed, however, is critical for future industrial applications because it determines the possible production rates. By contrast, drawing during spinning or after spinning strongly affected the polymer chain alignment and fiber mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the spinning conditions on the structure and properties of polyamide 12/carbon nanotube composite fibers

Perrot¹,

Piccione²,

Zakri³

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Many applications of solid state have drawn linear PE require surface modification while conserving its bulk properties, ideally by simple and reliable methods. A wide variety of surface patterning techniques, mostly involving a multitude of elaborate and laborious processing steps, from high energy irradiation to chemical treatment, including plasma treatment, gamma irradiation, electron beam irradiation, ion irradiation, and chemical treatment have been thoroughly investigated. Near infra‐red lasers have been used extensively to write and mark on PE blended with additives, fillers, pigments, or dyes which enhance the absorption of the laser energy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Patterns on Drawn Polyethylene by Direct Laser Writing

Lafleur

Shen

Kamphuis

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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mostly involving a multitude of elaborate and laborious processing steps, from high energy irradiation to chemical treatment, including plasma treatment, [14][15][16][17][18] gamma irradiation, [19] electron beam irradiation, [20][21][22] ion irradiation, [23,24] and chemical treatment [25,26] have been thoroughly investigated. Near infra-red lasers have been used extensively to write and mark on PE blended with additives, fillers, pigments, or dyes which enhance the absorption of the laser energy. Three main surface reactions are employed to mark the surface. [27] The first one consists of increasing the local temperature high enough to cause thermal degradation of the polymer. The charring of the polymer forms a dark marking contrast. The second surface reaction consists of using foaming agents. During the degradation of this additive, gas is released resulting in the foaming of the polymer. The third writing method is heating and/or degrading one colorant in a colorant mixture blended in the polymer, resulting in the presence of only one colorant in the irradiated regions, thus a change of color. [28] Most of these methods produce black marking/writing, require a tight control of the laser operating parameters, and also depend on mixed colorant systems stability. Other patterning techniques such as inkjet printing are not suitable because of the poor adhesion properties of PE or require preliminary treatment such as Corona treatment. Therefore, it is still challenging to write/mark non-colored patterns on PE using simple and reliable methods. Moreover, the abovedescribed methods are predominantly performed with close to isotropic polyolefines and very little literature exists on the patterning of drawn HDPE. This paper reports a new marking route to produce optical patterns on drawn HDPE by direct laser writing with a pulsed UV laser.Optical images were written on solid state drawn blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with UV absorber 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT) at 2 and 5 wt% loading, called respectively PE-2 wt% and PE-5 wt%. The drawn HDPE films are irradiated by direct laser writing with a pulsed UV laser (355 nm, 10 Hz, 2 ns) at various laser doses. Lines are written on the drawn HDPE films by the overlapping of the laser pulses when moving the sample at a constant speed during irradiation. In Figure 1, a schematic representation of the writing process, a photograph and polarized optical microscopy (POM) images of line patterns at Laser Writing Optical patterns are produced on the surface of drawn linear polyethylene containing 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT), a photothermal dye, by direct laser writing. The photothermal dye absorbs the UV light and dissipates heat in the polyethylene film. This heat locally results in the melting, shrinking, and recrystallization of PE and the loss of the fibrillar crystalline morphology which is typical for these materials. By using this writing method, an optical image can be obtained by controlling the local UV irr...

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“…Moreover, higher preparation temperature (e.g., 160 • C) resulted in lower molecular orientation in the amorphous phase, which has been well demonstrated in spun fibers of isotactic polypropylene and high-density polyethylene with respect to drawing temperature. [30,31] The clay had little effect on the relaxation of the iPP matrix at both preparation temperatures. Figure 6 shows typical true stress-strain curves and corresponding volume strain for oriented samples with 5 wt% clay loading prepared at 140 and 160 • C. For comparison, the results from the oriented plain samples are also included.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Large Strain Tensile Deformation and Failure in Oriented Isotactic Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite: Role of Voiding and Molecular Orientation

et al. 2009

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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Plane strain compression of isotactic polypropylene iPP)/clay nanocomposite in a channel die at 140 and 160 • C, respectively, has been adopted to prepare oriented samples with well-controlled structure for comparative studies. Molecular orientation in the amorphous phase, independent of clay loadings, decreases with increasing preparation temperature, whereas crystallographic orientation is nearly the same for all oriented samples. Severer voiding and void coalescence during stretching, mostly induced by the crystals and inter-chain sliding in the amorphous phase, respectively, is suggested to be responsible for higher volume dilatation and lower failure strain in the oriented samples prepared at higher temperature (e.g., 160 • C). Fracture toughness is well correlated with the molecular orientation and crystal-dependent voiding in the oriented samples with respect to preparation temperatures. Furthermore, debonding of clay in the iPP matrix, especially in the oriented samples prepared at 140 • C, is another contributor to the enhanced toughness.

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The influence of drawing temperature on mechanical properties and organization of melt spun polyethylene solid-state drawn in the pseudo-affine regime

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of the spinning conditions on the structure and properties of polyamide 12/carbon nanotube composite fibers

Influence of the spinning conditions on the structure and properties of polyamide 12/carbon nanotube composite fibers

Optical Patterns on Drawn Polyethylene by Direct Laser Writing

Large Strain Tensile Deformation and Failure in Oriented Isotactic Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite: Role of Voiding and Molecular Orientation

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