The influence of embodiment on multisensory integration using the mirror box illusion

Medina, Jared; Khurana, Priya; Coslett, H. Branch

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.011

Cited by 43 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the present task, mirrored visual movement information was always integrated for bimanual coordination, but the behavioral consequences of integration depended on whether visual movement information was congruent or incongruent with proprioceptive and motor signals. This result pattern seems to be at odds with previous studies that reported that integration of mirrored visual feedback scaled with the degree of congruency of visual and proprioceptive movement information (Bultitude, Juravle, & Spence, 2016;Holmes, Snijders, & Spence, 2006;Medina et al, 2015). In these studies, synchronous movements led to reliance primarily on visual information, whereas asynchronous movements led to reliance primarily on proprioceptive information.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…In this incongruent situation, performance declines compared to regular viewing of the hands and relative to when vision is prevented entirely by closing the eyes (Buckingham & Carey, 2008). In other experimental paradigms, such incongruent visual feedback can even induce phantom sensations, such as tickling or numbness, in healthy participants (Daenen, Roussel, Cras, & Nijs, 2010;Foell, Bekrater-Bodmann, McCabe, & Flor, 2013;McCabe, Haigh, Halligan, & Blake, 2005;Medina et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A mirror is placed along the body midline in the sagittal plane; participants look into the mirror from one side, so that the view of the hand behind the mirror is occluded and replaced by the mirror image of the still visible hand. Thus, although one arm is hidden from view, participants have the impression of seeing both of their hands moving in synchrony (Medina, Khurana, & Coslett, 2015). The strong influence of this visual manipulation on body-related, anatomical aspects is maybe most impressively demonstrated in mirror visual feedback therapy (MVT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abstract spatial, but not body-related, visual information guides bimanual coordination

Brandes

Rezvani

Heed

2016

Preprint

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Visual spatial information is paramount in guiding bimanual coordination, but anatomical factors, too, modulate performance in bimanual tasks. Vision conveys not only abstract spatial information, but also informs about body-related aspects such as posture. Here, we asked whether, accordingly, visual information induces body-related, or merely abstract, perceptual-spatial constraints in bimanual movement guidance. Human participants made rhythmic, symmetrical and parallel, bimanual index finger movements with the hands held in the same or different orientations. Performance was more accurate for symmetrical than parallel movements in all postures, but additionally when homologous muscles were concurrently active, such as when parallel movements were performed with differently rather than identically oriented hands. Thus, both perceptual and anatomical constraints were evident. We manipulated visual feedback with a mirror between the hands, replacing the image of the right with that of the left hand and creating the visual impression of bimanual symmetry independent of the right hand's true movement. Symmetrical mirror feedback impaired parallel, but improved symmetrical bimanual performance compared with regular hand view. Critically, these modulations were independent of hand posture and muscle homology. Thus, visual feedback appears to contribute exclusively to spatial, but not to body-related, anatomical movement coding in the guidance of bimanual coordination.Whether we type on a keyboard, applaud, or ride a bike -bimanual coordination is crucial in many of our everyday activities. Therefore, the principles that guide bimanual coordination have received much interest, not least to inform treatment to restore regular bimanual function in clinical settings. Beyond therapeutic considerations, coordinative action can be viewed as an ecologically valid model to understand the principles of movement planning 1 . Accordingly, experiments have studied the factors that constrain bimanual movement execution. A prominent and consistent finding has been that humans can perform symmetrical movements -with symmetry usually defined relative to the sagittal body midline -with higher precision and at higher speeds than parallel movements [2][3][4] . During symmetrical movements, the two effectors move towards opposite sides of space; for instance, one hand moves to the right while the other concurrently moves to the left. Conversely, parallel movements implicate movements towards the same direction of space; for instance, both hands synchronously move to the left or to the right.The symmetry bias has been demonstrated across a variety of effectors and movement types, such as finger flexion and extension 5,6

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abstract spatial, but not body-related, visual information guides bimanual coordination

Brandes

Rezvani

Heed

2016

Preprint

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“…When looking into the mirror, a reflection of the hand in front of the mirror (mirror hand) looks like the unseen hand behind the mirror 32 . A spatial conflict between visual and proprioceptive inputs can be introduced by moving the unseen hand to a position that is incongruent with the mirror hand 33–38 . During this conflict, individuals typically perceive their hand as closer to the visual estimate, often reporting that their hand is located where they see it 35–38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Body Schema on Multisensory Integration: Evidence from the Mirror Box Illusion

Liu

Medina

2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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When placing one hand on each side of a mirror and making synchronous bimanual movements, the mirror-reflected hand feels like one’s own hand that is hidden behind the mirror. We developed a novel mirror box illusion to investigate whether motoric, but not spatial, visuomotor congruence is sufficient for inducing multisensory integration, and importantly, if biomechanical constraints encoded in the body schema influence multisensory integration. Participants placed their hands in a mirror box in opposite postures (palm up, palm down), creating a conflict between visual and proprioceptive feedback for the hand behind the mirror. After synchronous bimanual hand movements in which the viewed and felt movements were motorically congruent but spatially in the opposite direction, participants felt that the hand behind the mirror rotated or completely flipped towards matching the hand reflection (illusory displacement), indicating facilitation of multisensory integration by motoric visuomotor congruence alone. Some wrist rotations are more difficult due to biomechanical constraints. We predicted that these biomechanical constraints would influence illusion effectiveness, even though the illusion does not involve actual limb movement. As predicted, illusory displacement increased as biomechanical constraints and angular disparity decreased, providing evidence that biomechanical constraints are processed in multisensory integration.

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“…Recently, Medina et al [20] found a positive correlation between perceptual embodiment of a body part reflected in a mirror and the strength of mirror illusion. So far there have been no studies examining the relationship between embodiment and the strength of the mirror distorted image of the body part.…”

Section: Is Embodiment Of a Virtual Body Part The Critical Factor?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Pain by Visually Distorting the Size of Painful Body Parts: Is There Any Therapeutic Value?

Wittkopf

Johnson

2016

Pain Manag.

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The influence of embodiment on multisensory integration using the mirror box illusion

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Abstract spatial, but not body-related, visual information guides bimanual coordination

Abstract spatial, but not body-related, visual information guides bimanual coordination

Influence of the Body Schema on Multisensory Integration: Evidence from the Mirror Box Illusion

Managing Pain by Visually Distorting the Size of Painful Body Parts: Is There Any Therapeutic Value?

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