The influence of endurance and resistance exercise on muscle capillarization in the elderly: a review

Harris, B. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.2005.01461.x

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Harris also reported that aerobic exercise can result in positive structural and functional changes with respect to skeletal muscle capillarization in elderly subjects [64]. Similarly, an eight-week aerobic exercise intervention increased capillary contacts, capillary-to-fiber ratio, and capillary density in both healthy young and elderly subjects, but did not change any of the parameters regarding muscle fiber size [67].…”

Section: Morphological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One systematic review reported conflicting evidence regarding the effects of resistance training on muscle capillarization in the elderly subjects [64]. An increase in muscle fiber size was accompanied by significant increases in capillary contacts per fiber, capillary to fiber ratio and capillary to fiber perimeter exchange index, but the growth of capillaries was proportional to fiber growth, resulting in no change to sharing factor, capillary density or capillary contacts per fiber area [64][65][66].…”

Section: Morphological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptations to exercise training within skeletal muscle in adults with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review

Wang

Simar

Singh

2009

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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SummaryThe aim of this investigation was to review morphological and metabolic adaptations within skeletal muscle to exercise training in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A comprehensive, systematic database search for manuscripts was performed from 1966 to March 2008 using computerized databases, including Medline, Premedline, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE and SportDiscus. Three reviewers independently assessed studies for potential inclusion (exposure to exercise training, T2DM or IGT, muscle biopsy performed). A total of 18 exercise training studies were reviewed. All morphological and metabolic outcomes from muscle biopsies were collected. The metabolic outcomes were divided into six domains: glycogen, glucose facilitated transporter 4 (GLUT4) and insulin signalling, enzymes, markers of inflammation, lipids metabolism and so on. Beneficial adaptations to exercise were seen primarily in muscle fiber area and capillary density, glycogen, glycogen synthase and GLUT4 protein expressions. Few randomized controlled trials including muscle biopsy data existed, with a small number of subjects involved. More trials, especially robustly designed exercise training studies, are needed in this field. Future research should focus on the insulin signalling pathway to better understand the mechanism of the improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in response to various modalities and doses of exercise in this cohort.

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Section: Morphological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to exercise training within skeletal muscle in adults with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review

Wang

Simar

Singh

2009

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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“…Despite conflicting results, some studies shown minimal reduction in the number of capillaries of skeletal muscles during age advancing 1 . Muscle capillarization must represent the potential to exchange gases, fuel and metabolites during exercise 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite conflicting results, some studies showed minimal reduction in the number of capillaries from muscles of elderly compared to young 1 . Even so, the amount of work proposing to analyze the aging effect on vascularity of different skeletal muscle types is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid Do Not Affect Muscle Capillarization of Middle-Aged Rats

Neto

Gama

2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: It is generally accepted that the capillary network decreases with advancing age. The combined effect of resistance training (RT) and testosterone still needs to be elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to measure capillary profile of different skeletal muscles of middle-aged rats undergoing RT and administration of exogenous testosterone. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: control with 13-month-old rats (SC), control with 16-month-old rats (SE), aged rats + anabolic agent (SA), aged rats + RT (T), and aged rats + RT + anabolic agent (TA). Results: For soleus, the SE group presented a decrease in the percentage of capillaries in comparison to SC group. SA, T, and TA groups had increased capillary volume in comparison to SC. As for the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), SA, T, and TA groups demonstrated lower capillary volume and numeric density in comparison to SC and SE. The EDL of the T and TA groups presented 70% less capillaries than soleus. The numerical and volumetric density and capillary ratio by muscle fiber were not statistically altered by any intervention. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus of the SA, T and TA groups was statistically different from SC group. The soleus CSA was greater in the TA and T groups than in the SC, SE and SA groups, and the EDL CSA was greater in the TA compared to all other groups. The TA group had greater values than the SE, SA, and T groups. Conclusion: The type of intervention used did not affect any variables measured in the capillary profile. However, the use of anabolic steroid and/or RT showed a tendency to decrease the density of capillaries in the EDL.Keywords: vasomotor system; resistance training; rats, inbred strains; animals; muscle, skeletal. RESUMO Introdução: Em geral, se aceita que a rede capilar diminui com o avanço da idade. O efeito combinado de treinamento resistido (TR) e testosterona ainda precisa ser elucidado. Objetivo: Este estudo visou medir o perfil capilar de diferentes músculos esqueléticos em ratos de meia-idade submetidos a TR e administração de testosterona exógena. Métodos: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em cinco grupos experimentais: controle com ratos de 13 meses de idade (SC), controle com ratos de 16 meses de idade (SE), ratos idosos + anabolizante (SA), ratos idosos + TR (T) e ratos idosos + TR + anabolizante (TA

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“…This metabolic difference fades with menopausal hormone changes (Isacco et al 2012), possibly making postmenopausal women prone to fat gain. Low activity combined with low estrogen levels after menopause may also limit the body's ability to build cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to exercise (Grounds 1998;Grounds 2002;Harris 2005), potentially blunting the health benefits of exercise interventions in sedentary postmenopausal women. These factors suggest that postmenopausal women are more susceptible to metabolic diseases regardless of exercise levels.…”

Section: Evolutionary Expectations For Postmenopausal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmenopausal Health and Disease from the Perspective of Evolutionary Medicine

Froehle

2013

A&A

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Anyone seeking to learn more about the subject of menopause 1 will find standard clinical and public health policy interpretations readily and prominently available. A simple Internet search for the word "menopause" returns numerous websites from reputable online medical resources 2 , all of which provide roughly the same, narrow definition: menopause is the complete cessation of menstruation, and occurs twelve months after the final menstrual period, usually between 45-55 years of age. Along with these definitions, much of the accompanying health information addresses symptoms, risk for associated diseases, and treatment options. This information fits the overall medical paradigm that menopause is not simply Epidemiological evidence indeed shows that the period surrounding and following menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of disease and disease risk factors, particularly those relating to the metabolic syndrome including weight gain, body composition change, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, all of which increase risk for heart attack, stroke, and type 2 diabetes (Torrens et al. 2009;Enns and Tiidus 2010). In the AbstractMenopause normally occurs between 45-55 years of age, marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifespan, and is accompanied by a reduction in estrogen that has substantial physiological effects. The standard medical view is that these changes underlie high postmenopausal disease rates, defining menopause as an estrogen deficiency condition needing treatment. This view stems from the idea that extended postmenopausal longevity is a consequence of recent technological developments, such that women now outlive their evolutionarily-programmed physiological functional lifespan. Increasingly, however, researchers employing an evolutionary medicine framework have used data from comparative demography, comparative biology, and human behavioral ecology to challenge the mainstream medical view. Instead, these data suggest that a two-decade human postmenopausal lifespan is an evolved, species-typical trait that distinguishes humans from other primates, and has deep roots in our evolutionary past. This view rejects the inevitability of high rates of postmenopausal disease and the concept of menopause as pathology. Rather, high postmenopausal disease risk likely stems from specific lifestyle differences between industrialized societies and foraging societies of the type that dominated human evolutionary history. Women in industrialized societies tend to have higher estrogen levels during premenopausal life, and experience a greater reduction in estrogen across menopause than do women living in foraging societies, with potentially important physiological consequences. The anthropological approach to understanding postmenopausal disease risk reframes the postmenopausal lifespan as an integral period in the human lifecycle, and offers alternative avenues for disease prevention by highlighting the importance of lifestyle effects on health.

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The influence of endurance and resistance exercise on muscle capillarization in the elderly: a review

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Adaptations to exercise training within skeletal muscle in adults with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review

Adaptations to exercise training within skeletal muscle in adults with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review

Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid Do Not Affect Muscle Capillarization of Middle-Aged Rats

Postmenopausal Health and Disease from the Perspective of Evolutionary Medicine

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