Purpose: To determine the essential torque, length and diameter of implant inserted into fresh extraction socket in posterior region in order to load it immediately. To find out the preferred bone type and peri-implant changes after loading.
Materials and methods: This study is based on searching scientific research papers using the following databases: MEDLINE - PubMed, Google Schoolar, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science. No filters and limits were used. Indexed databases were searched from 1990 up to 2023 using the following terms in different combinations: “immediate loading of implants”, “in the posterior”, “immediate implant placement/insertion”, “immediate provisionalization”, “fresh extraction sockets”, “bone density”, “torque”, “primary stability”, “peri-implant tissues”. The selection process started by carefully reading the title, followed by the abstract, the objectives and the full body of each article and paper. Articles identified as being potentially relevant based on their titles were evaluated by a reading of their full text, including reference to objectives, methods/approaches, and participants/populations and results. Studies that are not eligible based on the examination of the full text were excluded. Two articles were of the animal studies. The rest of 8 studies were the controlled clinical trials.
Results: A total of 201 studies were searched on indexed databases. However, only 10 of the papers met the inclusion criteria. Four groups of authors indicate the use of conical implants. Regardless of placement location, the most commonly used wide implant is greater than 3.5 mm. Meanwhile all authors followed the standard surgical protocal and placed the implants with an insertion torque ≥35 Ncm except for Degidi et al. (2006) who used ≥25 Ncm.
There is no significant difference among survival rate of immediate and delayed placed implants.
Evaluation of bone density was made according to the criteria by Lekholm and Zarb (1985) and Misch, Judy (1987).
Conclusion: The current systematic review shows that immediate loading of implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets in the posterior demonstrates good treatment outcome with regard to implant survival and marginal bone loss.