The Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on Caregiver Health in Older New Zealanders

Alpass, Fiona; Pond, Rachael; Stephens, Christine; Stevenson, Brendan; Keeling, Sally; Towers, Andy

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt060

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The majority of the elder group was spouses, while the majority of the non-elder group was sons or daughters. Most previous studies have indicated that women are the major primary family caregivers, especially in caring for the elderly or patients with chronic disease [6], [8], [12]. Currently, the number of females working is increasing; therefore, the caregiving duties for families with chronic disease have few gender differences in the non-elder group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study also demonstrated that caregivers providing higher levels of care and more care across time had poorer health outcomes. Long-term and heavy daily caregiving may have detrimental effects on health status due to a lack of formal support resources and the strain of multiple roles [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, knowledge may maximize the quality of caring behavior and decrease the potential negative effects on caregivers. Caregivers with negative caring behavior, overloaded caregiver burdens, and a lack of caring knowledge lead to negative patient health and health promotion behavior outcomes [6], [12]–[14]. Therefore, the caregivers' caring behavior, caregiver burden, and caring knowledge may inevitably affect the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elderly not only have higher physical and mental burdens than other age groups, but they also have higher economic burdens [15]–[17]. Little is known about elder family members as primary caregivers [12], especially regarding the difference between elder primary family caregivers and non-elder primary family caregivers. We hypothesized that elder primary family caregivers have different caring behavior, higher caregiver burdens, and less caring knowledge than young primary family caregivers due to the elders' physical and psychosocial development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in COPD Patient Care by Primary Family Caregivers: An Age-Based Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBecause Taiwan has the fastest aging rate among developed countries, care for the elderly is becoming more prominent in the country. Primary family caregivers play an important role in patient health and health promotion behavior. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an age-related disease, is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality and can be a long-term burden for family members; however, little attention has been given to the differences in COPD care between elder caregivers and other caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the differences between elder family caregivers and non-elder family caregivers caring for COPD patients in Taiwan, including caring behavior, caregiver response, and caring knowledge.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2007 and January 2008; 406 primary family caregivers of COPD patients from the thoracic outpatient departments of 6 hospitals in north-central Taiwan were recruited to answer questionnaires measuring COPD characteristics, care behavior, caregiver response, and COPD knowledge. All questionnaires, which addressed caregiver knowledge, care behaviors, and care reactions, were shown to have acceptable validity and reliability, and the data were analyzed using univariate and generalized linear model techniques.ResultsThe elder caregivers group had 79 participants, and the non-elder caregivers comprised 327 participants. The COPD-related knowledge scale results were positively correlated with the family caregiver caring behavior scale, suggesting that better COPD-related knowledge among family caregivers may result in improved caring behavior. After adjusting for all possible confounding factors, the elder caregivers had significantly lower COPD-related knowledge than the non-elder caregivers (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the family caregiver caring behavior scale or the caregiver reaction assessment scale between the two groups.ConclusionsElder family caregivers require increased education regarding medications and preventive care in COPD patient care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in COPD Patient Care by Primary Family Caregivers: An Age-Based Study

et al. 2014

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“…While there is some research literature on caregiving in New Zealand, particularly in relation to caregiver stress, there is little focusing on sex, ethnicity and their interactions in caregiving, especially for those of advanced age. The New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing found that women and Māori provided higher levels of care . That women provide the most care arises from gendered role expectations and, in later life, from their longevity and the fact that their spouses or partners tend to be older…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving, ethnicity and gender in Māori and non‐Māori New Zealanders of advanced age: Findings from LiLACS NZ Kaiāwhina (Love and Support) study

et al. 2019

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Objective This study investigates sex and ethnicity in relationships of care using data from Wave 4 of LiLACS NZ, a longitudinal study of Māori and non‐Māori New Zealanders of advanced age. Methods Informal primary carers for LiLACS NZ participants were interviewed about aspects of caregiving. Data were analysed by gender and ethnic group of the LiLACS NZ participant. Results Carers were mostly adult children or partners, and three‐quarters of them were women. Māori and men received more hours of care with a higher estimated dollar value of care. Māori men received the most personal care and household assistance. Carer employment, self‐rated health, quality of life and impact of caring did not significantly relate to the gender and ethnicity of care recipients. Conclusions Gender and ethnicity are interwoven in caregiving and care receiving. Demographic differences and cultural expectations in both areas must be considered in policies for carer support.

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New Zealand

Davey¹,

Phillips²,

Alpass³

2020

Extended Working Life Policies

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New Zealand has high rates of workforce participation for people in the 55+ age groups. These rates have grown rapidly, and growth is expected to continue, especially for women workers. Existing policy settings support extended workforce participation. There is a universal flat rate pension at age 65, which can be received while continuing in paid work; flexible work arrangements; and legislation against age discrimination and compulsory retirement. However, assistance for working carers, education and training for older workers and direct support for employers are all very limited. There are many calls for a comprehensive approach to the challenges and opportunities of workforce ageing in New Zealand, many from government agencies, but comparatively little provides a gender perspective. Much depends on the extent to which individual employers recognise the implications of workforce ageing and respond with appropriate policies and practices.

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The Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on Caregiver Health in Older New Zealanders

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Differences in COPD Patient Care by Primary Family Caregivers: An Age-Based Study

Differences in COPD Patient Care by Primary Family Caregivers: An Age-Based Study

Caregiving, ethnicity and gender in Māori and non‐Māori New Zealanders of advanced age: Findings from LiLACS NZ Kaiāwhina (Love and Support) study

New Zealand

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