The influence of extraversion and neuroticism on heart rate responses to aversive visual stimuli

Harvey, Frank P.; Hirschmann, Richard

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(80)90011-2

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This dovetails with the Yerkes & Dodson law of arousal and performance (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908), wherein low levels of arousal can be detrimental for task performance. This view is supported by our finding that higher extraversion was associated with lower heart rate, such that lower autonomic arousal might have underpinned poorer retrieval performance (Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980). Notably, the relationship between arousal and performance determines how different levels of arousal match optimal task environments: Overall, extraverts may not generally perform worse than introverts on cognitive tasks, but are more likely to outperform introverts in fast-paced (Hahn et al, 2015), sensory stimulating environments (Geen, 1984), arguably since higher task demand increases extraverts' cortical (Fink et al, 2005;Kumari et al, 2004) and autonomic arousal (Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980) to drive optimal performance.…”

Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…First, we found that higher extraversion was related to poorer retrieval performance, irrespective of emotional content and cardiac-invoked feedback presentation during learning. Extraversion is often associated with lower baseline cortical and autonomic arousal (Fink et al, 2005;Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980;Kumari et al, 2004). This dovetails with the Yerkes & Dodson law of arousal and performance (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908), wherein low levels of arousal can be detrimental for task performance.…”

Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In Eysenck's arousal theory of personality (Eysenck, 1967), extraverts are proposed to be characterised by lower levels of cortical activity compared to introverts (Fink, Grabner, Neuper, & Neubauer, 2005;Kumari, ffytche, Williams, & Gray, 2004). Extraverts also show reduced autonomic arousal, including lower heart rate and attenuated sympathetic skin responses during perceptual and cognitive tasks, when compared to introverts, (Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980). Within the same framework, neuroticism is linked to heightened autonomic reactivity to emotional stimuli (Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980;Norris, Larsen, & Cacioppo, 2007), an effect arguably mediated through heightened reactivity of 'visceral brain' centres [amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and vmPFC (Ormel et al, 2013)].…”

Section: Personality Arousal and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Pfeifer

Garfinkel

Praag

et al. 2017

Biological Psychology

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Feedback processing is critical to trial-and-error learning. Here, we examined whether interoceptive signals concerning the state of cardiovascular arousal influence the processing of reinforcing feedback during the learning of 'emotional' face-name pairs, with subsequent effects on retrieval. Participants (N=29) engaged in a learning task of face-name pairs (fearful, neutral, happy faces). Correct and incorrect learning decisions were reinforced by auditory feedback, which was delivered either at cardiac systole (on the heartbeat, when baroreceptors signal the contraction of the heart to the brain), or at diastole (between heartbeats during baroreceptor quiescence). We discovered a cardiac influence on feedback processing that enhanced the learning of fearful faces in people with heightened interoceptive ability. Individuals with enhanced accuracy on a heartbeat counting task learned fearful face-name pairs better when feedback was given at systole than at diastole. This effect was not present for neutral and happy faces. At retrieval, we also observed related effects of personality: First, individuals scoring higher for extraversion showed poorer retrieval accuracy. These individuals additionally manifested lower resting heart rate and lower state anxiety, suggesting that attenuated levels of cardiovascular arousal in extraverts underlies poorer performance. Second, higher extraversion scores predicted higher emotional intensity ratings of fearful faces reinforced at systole. Third, individuals scoring higher for neuroticism showed higher retrieval confidence for fearful faces reinforced at diastole. Our results show that cardiac signals shape feedback processing to influence learning of fearful faces, an effect underpinned by personality differences linked to psychophysiological arousal.

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Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Personality Arousal and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Pfeifer

Garfinkel

Praag

et al. 2017

Biological Psychology

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“…Matthews and Gilliland's (1999) review also reports evidence for greater increases in heart rate in response to stimuli for introverts as opposed to extraverts. Similarly, in earlier research Harvey and Hirschmann (1980) demonstrated event-related increases in heart rate in participants displaying greater introversion and higher neuroticism. Wilson (1990) used the EPQ (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) to measure personality in an electrodermal activity study and reported higher daytime skin conductance levels in introverts than extraverts.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Two Measures of Interoceptive Sensibility and the Relationship With Introversion and Neuroticism in an Adult Population

Pearson

Pfeifer

2020

Psychol Rep

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Interoception, the ability to detect internal bodily signals, is vital for an individual’s well-being and is increasingly connected to mental health disorders. Research investigating relationships between individual differences in interoception and personality types is limited, and mixed results are reported across a variety of interoceptive tasks, measures, and conceptualisations. Guided by biological theories, this study contributed further to the understanding of the relationship between interoception and personality by utilising two interoceptive measures. A sample of adults (N = 114) completed three questionnaires online questionnaire, two assessing interoceptive sensibility ( Body Perception Questionnaire, BPQ; and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, MAIA) and one that assessed personality ( Eysenck Personality Inventory, EPI). Multiple regression and correlational analyses showed no significant relationship between interoceptive sensibility and introversion, whereas a predictive relationship was demonstrated between interoceptive sensibility and neuroticism. Furthermore, the BPQ and subscales of the MAIA predicted neuroticism in different directions suggesting the two measures assess different constructs and thus strengthened support for a multidimensional consideration of interoception. The results have clinical implications, including the targeting of contemplative training approaches for individuals demonstrating high interoceptive sensibility and neurotic traits to improve the mental well-being of healthy individuals and clinical populations.

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“…Harvey and Hirshman showed the moderating role of personality dimensions of extraversion and introversion in heart rate changes in response to aversive stimuli. 23 In another research, Rafieinia et al showed that in positive mood situations, extraverts compared to introverts (following music) had more reduction in systolic blood pressure, and in negative mood situations, heart rate of introvert people compared to extraverts had increased. 24 De Pascalis et al found different sensitivities of cardiovascular responses of extraverts and introverts to reward and punishment signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Music on Cardiovascular Responses in Men with Essential Hypertension Compared with Healthy Men Based on Introversion and Extraversion

Namdar

Taban-Sadeghi

Sabourimoghaddam

et al. 2014

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res

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Introduction: The present research investigated the effects of two different types of music on cardiovascular responses in essential hypertensive men in comparison with healthy men based on introversion and extraversion. Methods: One hundred and thirteen hypertensive men referred to Madani Heart Hospital in Tabriz completed the NEO-FFI Questionnaire and after obtaining acceptable scores were classified in four groups: introvert patients, extravert patients, introvert healthy subjects, and extravert healthy subjects (each group with 25 samples with age range 31-50). Baseline blood pressure and heart rate of each subject was recorded without any stimulus. Then subjects were exposed to slow-beat music and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. After15 minute break, and a little cognitive task for distraction, subjects were exposed to fast-beat music and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded again. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test showed that extravert patient subjects obtained greater reduction in systolic blood pressure and heart rate after presenting slow-beat music compared with introvert patients (P= 0.035, and P= 0.033 respectively). And extravert healthy subjects obtained greater reduction in heart rate after presenting slow-beat music compared with introvert healthy subjects (P= 0.036). However, there are no significant differences between introvert and extravert groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate after presenting fast-beat music. Conclusion: Based on our results, introvert subjects experience negative emotions more than extravert subjects and negative emotions cause less change in blood pressure in these subjects compared with extravert subjects.

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The influence of extraversion and neuroticism on heart rate responses to aversive visual stimuli

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Two Measures of Interoceptive Sensibility and the Relationship With Introversion and Neuroticism in an Adult Population

Effects of Music on Cardiovascular Responses in Men with Essential Hypertension Compared with Healthy Men Based on Introversion and Extraversion

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