1973
DOI: 10.1210/jcem-36-2-389
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The Influence of Fetal Sex on the Levels of Plasma Progesterone in the Human Fetus

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Cited by 33 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…The poor correlation between fetal sex and amniotic fluid progesterone levels are in agreement with results from two different laboratories showing the same relationship with maternal serum pro gesterone concentrations [3,11]. The inability to detect a sex difference in amniotic fluid progesterone concentrations does not necessarily contradict the findings of H agemenas and K ittinger [7,8]. In order to further clarify this question, some of the metabolites of progesterone such as pregnanediol, 15a-and 16a-hydroxyprogesterone need to be examined and correlated with the total volume of amniotic fluid.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
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“…The poor correlation between fetal sex and amniotic fluid progesterone levels are in agreement with results from two different laboratories showing the same relationship with maternal serum pro gesterone concentrations [3,11]. The inability to detect a sex difference in amniotic fluid progesterone concentrations does not necessarily contradict the findings of H agemenas and K ittinger [7,8]. In order to further clarify this question, some of the metabolites of progesterone such as pregnanediol, 15a-and 16a-hydroxyprogesterone need to be examined and correlated with the total volume of amniotic fluid.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…H agemenas and K ittinger [7,8] have shown that the genotype of both primate and human fetuses influences the fate of progesterone available to it. They have demonstrated an umbilical venous-arterial difference in progesterone levels of term fetuses and have suggested that female fetuses may metabolize more progesterone than male fetuses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Rawlings & Krieger (1965) found that high levels of pregnanediol were more often associated with a male child than with a female child. Some support for such a sex difference comes from the observations of Hagemenas & Kittinger (1973) that although the concentration of progesterone in the umbilical vein of male and female foetuses was similar, the umbilical venous-arterial difference in progesterone levels was significantly (P < 0-025) greater in female than in male foetuses. YoungLai (1972) also has shown that when a male foetus is present there are significantly higher levels of 17/?-hydroxyandrogens in amniotic fluid than when the foetus is a female.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Human male fetuses have higher cord blood testosterone, estradiol, and progester one than matched females [17,18]. The in fluence of these hormones on adrenal PNMT activity has not been studied.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%