The influence of gait stance on pedestrian lower limb injury risk

Li, Guibing; Yang, Jikuang; Simms, Ciaran

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.012

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If only the influence of the impact posture on the injury risk is considered, the NSSLE at the back may cause the body to rotate and result in more severe injury ( Tang et al, 2020a ). Pedestrians with a flexed knee in the pre-crash phase exhibit a lower injury risk ( Li et al, 2015 ). In addition, an impact on the elbow influences head rotation, and the head undergoes rotational acceleration toward the vehicle ( Paas et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Road traffic injuries remain a major global health issue, resulting in the loss of 310,000 pedestrian lives each year and representing 23% of all road traffic deaths ( WHO, 2018 ). Pedestrian pre-impact posture significantly influences the risks and severity of injury outcomes ( Li et al, 2015 ; Zou et al, 2020 ). Understanding the active avoidance behavior of pedestrians in dangerous traffic scenarios is necessary to develop advanced pedestrian safety systems that can reduce the risk of injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic and Kinematic Features of Pedestrian Avoidance Behavior in Motor Vehicle Conflicts

Shang

Pei

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The active behaviors of pedestrians, such as avoidance motions, affect the resultant injury risk in vehicle–pedestrian collisions. However, the biomechanical features of these behaviors remain unquantified, leading to a gap in the development of biofidelic research tools and tailored protection for pedestrians in real-world traffic scenarios. In this study, we prompted subjects (“pedestrians”) to exhibit natural avoidance behaviors in well-controlled near-real traffic conflict scenarios using a previously developed virtual reality (VR)-based experimental platform. We quantified the pedestrian–vehicle interaction processes in the pre-crash phase and extracted the pedestrian postures immediately before collision with the vehicle; these were termed the “pre-crash postures.” We recorded the kinetic and kinematic features of the pedestrian avoidance responses—including the relative locations of the vehicle and pedestrian, pedestrian movement velocity and acceleration, pedestrian posture parameters (joint positions and angles), and pedestrian muscle activation levels—using a motion capture system and physiological signal system. The velocities in the avoidance behaviors were significantly different from those in a normal gait (p < 0.01). Based on the extracted natural reaction features of the pedestrians, this study provides data to support the analysis of pedestrian injury risk, development of biofidelic human body models (HBM), and design of advanced on-vehicle active safety systems.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and Kinematic Features of Pedestrian Avoidance Behavior in Motor Vehicle Conflicts

Shang

Pei

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The age of the subject was not considered for assessing injury risk except for thorax, which includes age as a covariate in the injury risk function. The lateral bending angles (16°) and the shear displacement (14 mm) of the knee were used to assess the risk of a knee ligament rupture (Ivarsson et al 2004;Li et al 2015;Mo et al 2014). The inversion/eversion bending angle and lower tibial axial load were used to predict risk of ankle injury (Funk et al 2002), and the bending angle measured was defined as the rotation angle of the calcaneus relative to the tibia in the coronal plane.…”

Section: Injury Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biofidelity of THUMS pedestrian model under a whole-body impact conditions with a generic sedan buck

Kim

Bollapragada

et al. 2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(2017) Evaluation of biofidelity of THUMS pedestrian model under a whole-body impact conditions with a generic sedan buck, Traffic Injury Prevention, 18:sup1, S148-S154, DOI: 10.1080DOI: 10. /15389588.2017 Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofidelity of the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS; Ver. 4.01) pedestrian finite element models (PFEM) in a whole-body pedestrian impact condition using a well-characterized generic pedestrian buck model. Methods:The biofidelity of THUMS PFEM was evaluated with respect to data from 3 full-scale postmortem human subject (PMHS) pedestrian impact tests, in which a pedestrian buck laterally struck the subjects using a pedestrian buck at 40 km/h. The pedestrian model was scaled to match the anthropometry of the target subjects and then positioned to match the pre-impact postures of the target subjects based on the 3-dimensional motion tracking data obtained during the experiments. An objective rating method was employed to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between the responses of the models and the PMHS.Injuries in the models were predicted both probabilistically and deterministically using empirical injury risk functions and strain measures, respectively, and compared with those of the target PMHS. Conclusions: Based on the data considered, the THUMS PFEM was considered to be biofidelic for this pedestrian impact condition and vehicle. Given the capability of the model to reproduce biomechanical responses, it shows potential as a valuable tool for developing novel pedestrian safety systems.

show abstract

“…The valgus or varus bending angle of the knee ) was used to predict knee ligament ruptures. Also, lateral bending angle (16°) and shearing displacement (14 mm) for knee ligament rupture (Mo et al 2014) were applied as a reference, and the measurement method introduce by Li et al (2015) was used.…”

Section: Injury Risk Functions Used For the Probabilistic Methods (Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors, including the initial direction, location, anthropometry, and pedestrian posture, were found to strongly affect the pedestrian response on the global kinematics and kinetics in the simulation studies and physical tests Li et al 2015;Elliott et al 2012;Subit et al 2008;Simms et al 2006). …”

Section: Pedestrian Types Pre-impact Location Direction and Posturementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Pedestrian Head Sub-system Test Procedure against Full-scale Vehicle-pedestrian Impact Using Numerical Models

Chen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Head injury is the primary cause of pedestrian fatalities. To address this problem, the simplified sub-system test procedure has been used to distinguish vehicle stiffness in recent decades. Compared to the full-scale dummy test, the sub-system test has the advantage in terms of cost, repeatability, and testing coverage. However, the sub-system test methodology has long been criticized for oversimplification and for missing headneck interaction, vehicle pre-deformation, and head rotational kinematics, which make the ability of the component test to represent the real full-scale impact questionable. As a result, a potential problem may exist because vehicle design is optimized towards the sub-system test but may not necessarily provide the best protection in real pedestrian accidents. The goal of this dissertation is to study the relationship between the impactor responses of sub-system test with the head response in full-scale pedestrian impact. This process involved multiple steps: 1) evaluate the biofidelity of the PFEM; 2) compare the impactor response in the sub-system test and head response in the full-scale impact; 3) test the hypothesis that vehicle design variations have different influences on the impactor response and head response; and 4) investigate the factors that may contribute to the difference between the component test and the full-scale impact. The results of this work demonstrate limitations in the sub-system test that prevent it from reproducing the full-scale head response, even with matched input kinematics. Many of the limitations of sub-system tests were focused on the lack of vehicle hood pre-deformation caused by the iii pedestrian torso. The methodology and results of this dissertation could provide reference for improvements to future vehicle safety design and pedestrian regulation development.iv

show abstract

The influence of gait stance on pedestrian lower limb injury risk

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Kinetic and Kinematic Features of Pedestrian Avoidance Behavior in Motor Vehicle Conflicts

Kinetic and Kinematic Features of Pedestrian Avoidance Behavior in Motor Vehicle Conflicts

Evaluation of biofidelity of THUMS pedestrian model under a whole-body impact conditions with a generic sedan buck

Evaluating Pedestrian Head Sub-system Test Procedure against Full-scale Vehicle-pedestrian Impact Using Numerical Models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About