The influence of growth rate on the microstructural and magnetic properties of float-zone grown crystals

Growth rate dependence of the NdFeO3 single crystal grown by float-zone technique

“…Previous research on erbium orthoferrite [9] suggests that the quality of single crystal is better at slower growth rate. However, we found that the quality of NdFeO 3 single crystal becomes poor with the decrease in growth rate.…”

“…Most of the devices require ideal single crystals, which have been grown using several techniques by many groups [8,9], but it is difficult to get high-quality single crystals. As RFeO 3 single crystal congruently melts at 1700 1C, just like the growth of RIG (R 3 Fe 5 O 12 ), most of the RFeO 3 samples are grown through the flux method [10][11][12].…”

Thermal characterization of an optical floating zone furnace: A direct link with controllable growth parameters

“…Thus, effects due to the variation of growth rate have been reported in FZ crystal growth of a number of materials, such as Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x [39] and La 2Àx Sr x CuO 4 [40] for which the use of higher zoning rates led to the growth of smaller sized crystals together with the formation of second phase inclusions. The use of higher growth rates was also found to lead to the formation of second phases in ErFeO 3 single crystals [41]. Increasing the cooling rate in a growing crystal by increasing the zoning rate could also lead to cracking in a growing crystal as a result of larger thermal stresses.…”

Growth and surface morphology of ErFeO3 single crystal

“…Although many groups reported the magnetic and multiferroic properties of single crystals of orthoferrites grown by the floating zone method, they did not give details of the actual growth conditions or the qualities of the crystals used [4][5][6][7][8]. Koohpayeh et al reported the influence of growth rate on the microstructural magnetic properties of floatzone grown ErFeO 3 crystals [13].…”