The Influence of H₂O Content in Solvents {Water + Carbinol} and {Water + Ethanol} on the Deposition Mechanism of AZO Films Synthesized by Cold‐wall AACVD

Abstract

Using binary mixtures {x water + (1‐x) carbinol} and {x water + (1‐x) ethanol} as solvents for the precursor solutions, Al‐doped ZnO films are synthesized by cold‐wall, aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD. The behavior of aerosol droplets influenced by H2O content in the precursor solution is discussed. It is found that as H2O content increases, the coagulation of the droplets is promoted by an increase in both the surface tension of the precursor solution and initial droplet mass. The coagulation reduces the amount of usable reactants that deposit on the substrate. As a result, the film thickness decreases with the increase in surface tension of the precursor solution and initial droplet mass. Transmittances in the visible range are also reduced by those micrometer‐sized grains that precipitate from large coagulate droplets. Film cannot be synthesized once the surface tension of the precursor solution exceeds 25.00 × 10−3 N · m−1 and the initial droplet mass exceeds 4.474 × 10−15 kg in both systems {x water + (1‐x) carbinol} and {x water + (1‐x) ethanol}.

Fabrication of C-Doped Titanium Dioxide Coatings with Improved Anti-icing and Tribological Behavior

“…The XPS full spectrum (Figure b) shows that the surface of the C-doped TiO 2 coatings mainly contains C, O, and Ti, indicating the purity of the coating. The binding energies at 458.7 and 464.4 eV belong to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 (Figure c), respectively, which were consistent with those previously reported in the literature. − C 1s peaks can be deconvoluted into four components at 284.8, 286.4, 287.8, and 289.0 eV (Figure d), which correspond to the C–C, C–O, C–O–C, and O–CO bonds, respectively, indicating the successful doping of C into the TiO 2 coating. , …”

“…The binding energies at 458.7 and 464.4 eV belong to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 (Figure 2c), respectively, which were consistent with those previously reported in the literature. 34 37,38 The surface morphology of TiO 2 and C-doped TiO 2 coatings was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation. Figure 3a shows a SEM image of a blank glass sheet, and it is obvious that there is nothing deposited on the surface.…”

Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition of metal oxide thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

“…This produces a significant increase in the PEC properties of these electrodes compared to the electrodes deposited using methanol as the solvent. Zhao et al [96] fabricated the Al-doped ZnO films by cold-wall AACVD and they found that the H 2 O content present in the precursor solution influenced the behavior of aerosol droplets. Furthermore, this study showed that as the H 2 O content increased, the coagulation of the droplets was promoted by an increase in both the surface tension of the precursor solution and initial droplet mass, and the coagulation reduced the amount of usable reactants deposited on the substrate.…”

High-performance flower-like and biocompatible nickel-coated Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles decorated on a graphene electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction

“…This is the key factor restricting the overall efficiency of electrochemical water electrolysis and is the biggest obstacle to the water-splitting field in a wide range of practical applications. 2 Therefore, it is necessary to investigate high-efficiency oxygen evolution catalysts to further advance the practical applicability of this field. 3,4…”

“…This is the key factor restricting the overall efficiency of electrochemical water electrolysis and is the biggest obstacle to the water-splitting eld in a wide range of practical applications. 2 Therefore, it is necessary to investigate highefficiency oxygen evolution catalysts to further advance the practical applicability of this eld. 3,4 Typically, the most active electrocatalysts for the OER are noble metal oxides (e.g., IrO 2 and RuO 2 ), 5,6 which present high current densities at negligible overpotentials.…”