The Influence of Hydroxyapatite Seed on the Crystallization Induced by Volume Reduction of Solutions with an Ion Composition Corresponding to that in the Distal Tubule at Different pH Levels

This work focuses on systematic research of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in model systems mimicking the chemical conditions typical for hyperoxaluria. For this purpose, model systems of three different complexities (simple, NaCl, and artificial urine system) and two initial pH (pH i = 5.0 and pH i = 9.0) at 37°C are studied. In all investigated systems, dominant precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is observed, except in artificial urine system at pH i = 9.0, c i (C 2 O 4 2− ) ࣙ 6.0 mmol dm −3 and c i (Ca 2+ ) ࣙ 7.5 mmol dm −3 , where precipitation of a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate occurs. The significant difference is mainly observed in COM crystal morphology. In a simple system, COM precipitates in a dendritic form; in NaCl system, dendritic form and irregular shapes are found, while in the artificial urine, prismatic hexagonal and aggregated COM crystals precipitate.

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Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria

Stanković

Šafranko

Kontrec

et al. 2019

Crystal Research and Technology

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The Effect of Seed Crystals of Hydroxyapatite and Brushite on the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Undiluted Human Urine In Vitro: Implications for Urinary Stone Pathogenesis

Grover

Kim

Ryall

2002

Mol Med

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether crystals of hydroxyapatite (HA) or brushite (BR) formed in urine promote the epitaxial deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) from undiluted human urine in vitro and thereby explain the occurrence of phosphate in the core of urinary stones consisting predominantly of CaOx. Materials and Methods: Crystals of HA, BR, and CaOx were generated from human urine and their identity confirmed by X-ray analysis. Standard quantities of each crystal were then added to separate aliquots of pooled undiluted human urine and CaOx crystallization was induced by the addition of identical loads of sodium oxalate. Crystallization was monitored by Coulter Counter and 14 C-oxalate analysis and the precipitated crystals were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results: In comparison with the control to which no seeds were added, addition of CaOx crystals increased the deposition of 14 C-oxalate by 23%. On the other hand, seeds of HA and BR had no effect. These findings

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In vitro calcium oxalate crystallisation methods

Kavanagh

2006

Urol Res

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In vitro calcium oxalate crystallisation has been, and will continue to be, of fundamental importance to urolithiasis research. Many different methods have been employed which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in the extent that they reproduce aspects of the renal system or in their ability to distinguish different aspects of crystallisation activity. Whatever system is used there are three key aspects that are worth bearing in mind. Firstly, a major controlling factor will be the prevailing supersaturation and other physicochemical considerations, secondly, during the course of the reaction different processes may come into play and thirdly, the processes we are trying to model take place in a dynamic biological environment. Different approaches to the study of crystallisation can be classified in many ways, such as the process or analytical technique but at a more fundamental level it is helpful to focus on the changes in supersaturation during the course of the reaction. A steady state supersaturation is more likely to be representative of the intra-renal situation than a system which decays to the equilibrium position. The constant composition method and the mixed suspension mixed product removal method both achieve a steady supersaturation.

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The Influence of Hydroxyapatite Seed on the Crystallization Induced by Volume Reduction of Solutions with an Ion Composition Corresponding to that in the Distal Tubule at Different pH Levels

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria

Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria

The Effect of Seed Crystals of Hydroxyapatite and Brushite on the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Undiluted Human Urine In Vitro: Implications for Urinary Stone Pathogenesis

In vitro calcium oxalate crystallisation methods

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