The Influence of Load Imposed by the Backpack School in Children and Teens in Brazil

Paula, Adma Jussara Fonseca de; Silva, J.C.P.; Silva, J.C.R.P.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.645

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This finding was in line with [42] who evaluated the load carried by students in primary and secondary schools in Brazil. They found that average load carried by students was 13.8% ± 3.5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They found that care-seeking for back pain was uncommon in children. Likewise, a study among students in Brazil by [42] stated that only five percent of students who showed symptoms of pain had previously made medical consultation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific community recognizes that the weight carried in bags by elementary and middle school students is a critical point and a risk factor for the onset of back pain in children and adolescents, and this symptom can last in the adulthood [42]. The weight of the school bag carried by the students varies greatly from one area to another according to curriculum [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School Bag Usage, Postural and Behavioral Habits and Its Effect on Back Pain Occurrence Among School Children

El-Nagar¹

2017

AJNS

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Abstract:Back pain is currently growing as a major health problem among school age group children, which can limit or hinder their daily life activities. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of school bag use, postural and behaviors habits on back pain occurrence among school children. Descriptive correlation design was used. This study was conducted at ten governmental preparatory schools from both rural and urban schools in Menouf district, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Random sample of 598 preparatory school children including 239 boys and 359 girls aged between 12-15 years of both rural and urban selected schools. Tools: Self-administered structured questionnaire, back pain assessment questionnaire, back pain & body posture evaluation instrument, behavioral habits questionnaire, school bag use questionnaire, and physiological measurements. The main results showed that 74.1% of the studied schoolchildren had suffered from back pain. Female students had significant risk of suffering from back pain by five times than male students. Among school children with back pain, 51.3% had reported moderate pain, the most affected area by pain was shoulder and about one fourth (24.4%) reported that the pain prevented them from performing daily activities. The mean weight of schoolbag carried by all school children was 7.46+ 2. 62 kg and the mean school bag weight as % of body weight was 14.36% ± 4.22. There was significant relationship between back pain and school bag weight, % of body weight, method and duration of carriage. Also, there was a significant relationship between back pain and improper sitting posture for writing, using computer, and sitting in classroom. The study was concluded that back pain among studied school children was high and the pain influences activities of daily life in about one fourth of students. Most of school children carry school bags more than the recommended weights of their body weight. It was associated with sex, parents' history of back pain, duration of sedentary activities, improper posture adopted in performing daily activities, weight of schoolbag, method & duration of carrying schoolbag. Recommendations: The need for developing and implementing of preventative programs in schools about proper postures during daily activities and guidelines for school bag usage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School Bag Usage, Postural and Behavioral Habits and Its Effect on Back Pain Occurrence Among School Children

El-Nagar¹

2017

AJNS

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“…[7][8][9] Female students tended to carry their school bags over than 10% of their body weight and have a greater pain of neck, shoulder, and back pain than boys though carrying the similar school bag's weight. [10,11] There are highest percentages of growth rate among the ages of 10-12 for girls and 13-15 for boys and the secondary centers of ossification not fusing completely until the mid-twenties, which keep them at risky for musculoskeletal pain. [12] Many factors exaggerating musculoskeletal pain as school bags type, technique of carrying, walking to school more than 30 minutes daily while misuse and incorrect postural habits can cause irreversible damage to the spine if practiced since childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of school bag weight and back pain among intermediate female students in Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi

Nafee²,

El-Sayed³

et al. 2018

JNEP

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Background: The most common cause of low back pain in children is muscle sprain and strain which can occur from carrying a heavy backpack or from activities. This study aimed to assess the relationship between school bag weight and back pain among female students in Dammam city.Methods: A total of 300 female students were included in this study both from east and west sectors of Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. Tools: Data were collected using (1) A structured questionnaire sheet including, socio-demographic data of the students, and close-ended questions about the school-bags as methods of carrying, (2) A weight scale that measured student’s body weight and weight of the school bags, (3) A self-report (Numeric pain rating scale) that assessed pain intensity. Univariate and Multivariate Statistical analysis was performed to test the relationship between the study variables.Results: A total of 288 school children (96.2% out of 300) were carrying bags of weight more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder and neck pain were reported by 40% of the female students. Statistically there is a significant relationship was found between school bags weight and severity of shoulder pain (p = .042).Conclusion and recommendation: The weights of schoolbags of Dammam city intermediate female students were higher than the internationally acceptable standards. Ministry of Education should set standards to prevent and mange problems of carrying heavy school bags in the intermediate school.

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“…Among the adolescents neck pain is as common as back pain. Apparently the burden on the school bags, the length of carrying the bags and transport to school were related to back and neck pain [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

School Bag Packs and Associated Problems among School Going Children

Hassan

Kashif

Bandpei

et al. 2019

Phys Med Rehab Kuror

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Objective The objective of this study was to assess school backpacks and associated problems across school going children aged 8–12 years in Lahore, Pakistan. Self-perceived pain related to bag pack use, correlation between self-reported pain and perceived weight of bag pack, duration of bag pack carriage and the method of bag pack carriage were evaluated. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 3500 students from different private schools across Lahore. Both male and female students from the age of 8–12 years that were present on the day of the study with no apparent physical deformity or any musculoskeletal disorder were included in the study. Questionnaire used in this study was a modified questionnaire from a previous study.Data collected through questionnaire was coded into SPSS version 18.Data was represented in the form of graphs, tables, cross tabs and bar charts. Chi square test of association was applied with p value<0.05 considered as significant. Results The results indicate that 82% of students surveyed carry bag packs, 54.66% of the students perceived the weight of their bag pack heavy, 40.22% medium while only 5.12% reported their bag pack lightly weighed. Pain was higher in individuals who perceived their bag pack weight heavy (i. e., 48%) pain, who carried their bag pack for over 20 min (44%) pain and over 30 min (56%) pain, respectively. Similarly percentage of pain was higher in individuals who carried their bag pack at one shoulder (i. e., 74%) pain. Conclusion The results of the present study show that there is a relationship between bag pack use, duration and method of bag pack carriage this suggests that heavy, medium and light bag packs may have damaging effects for the school going children. A study to compare children who follow and that do not follow the recommended guidelines should be conducted to find out the guidelines could help reduce back pain, the bag pack guidelines have addressed bag pack weight and duration of carriage should be considered.

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The Influence of Load Imposed by the Backpack School in Children and Teens in Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

School Bag Usage, Postural and Behavioral Habits and Its Effect on Back Pain Occurrence Among School Children

School Bag Usage, Postural and Behavioral Habits and Its Effect on Back Pain Occurrence Among School Children

A study of school bag weight and back pain among intermediate female students in Dammam City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School Bag Packs and Associated Problems among School Going Children

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