The Influence of Mineral Ions on the Microbial Production and Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the culture medium supplementation with mineral ions, focusing on the growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus as well as on the production and average molecular weight (MW) of hyaluronic acid (HA). The ions were investigated in terms of individual absence from the totally supplemented medium (C+) or individual presence in the non-supplemented medium (C-), where C+ and C- were used as controls. Differences between the effects were analyzed using the Tukey's test at p < 0.05. The adopted criteria considered required the ions, whose individual absence attained at 80% or less of the C+ and their individual presence was 20% or more than the C-. The supplementation was either inhibitory or acted in synergy with other ions, when the individual absence or presence was 20% higher than C+ or 20% lower than C-, respectively. Results showed that the effects of C+ or C- were equal for both the production of HA and its yield from glucose. However, C+ showed to be beneficial to cell growth while the individual absence of Na+ was beneficial to the production of HA. The highest MW of HA (7.4 x 10⁷ Da) was observed in the individual presence of Na+ in spite of the lowest HA concentration (0.65 g x L⁻¹). These results suggest that the quality of HA can be modulated through the mineral ion supplementation.

Improvement Production of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in Sugarcane Molasses

“…Although sugarcane molasses generally contains essential nutrients beneficial to microorganism growth, it also has metal ions and suspended colloids, which may be detrimental to microorganisms because they influence the medium pH and inactivate enzymes associated with product biosynthesis [25]. The individual presence of Na + and Fe 2+ in medium containing glucose and yeast extract inhibited HA production by S. zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 [31]. Moreover, Tlapak-Simmons et al [32] reported that hyaluronan synthase was sensitive to the concentrations of monovalent cations such as Na + and K + .…”

Microbial production of hyaluronic acid: current state, challenges, and perspectives

“…Zhang et al developed a serum-free medium with starch as exclusive carbon source, and HA concentration reached 6.7 g/L [23]. The mineral ions and initial glucose concentration also had significant effects on microbial HA production [24,25]. The absence of glucose resulted in a mixed acid metabolism independent of the oxygen supply, while, for the initial glucose concentrations ranging from 5 to 90 g/L, the homolactic metabolism was prevalent [25].…”

Biomedical Potential of Hyaluronic Acid from Streptococcus zooepidemicus Produced in Sugarcane Molasses

“…The production in molasses was 51 % higher than that in glucose because this source is rich in fermentable sugars, amino acids and metallic ions (e.g., Fe 2+ ) that could improve hyaluronic acid production, as observed by Choi and co-workers [9]. Treatment with activated charcoal could result in a source with fewer inhibitors to hyaluronic acid production, such as inhibitor protons [35,40]. Pan et al [32] observed that pre-treated molasses yielded higher hyaluronic acid production than crude molasses.…”