The influence of minor additions of Y, Sc, and Zr on the microstructural evolution, superplastic behavior, and mechanical properties of AA6013 alloy

Ghayoumabadi, M. Esmaeili; Mochugovskiy, A.G.; Tabachkova, N. Yu.; Mikhaylovskaya, A. V.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163477

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The as-forged alloy demonstrated improved mechanical properties. The same level of mechanical characteristics was observed in the alloy with similar composition but increased Sc after thermomechanical treatment included hot and cold rolling [43]. The as-rolled and further annealed sheets with Sc exhibited a non-recrystallized structure that contributes significantly to strength due to dislocation strengthening mechanism [79,80].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The positive effect of Sc and Zr co-addition on grain stability at elevated temperatures has been multiply reviewed for thermomechanical-treated Al alloys [35,36]. As a result, the improved superplastic behavior due to the Zener pinning effect has been previously demonstrated in 2xxx- [37], 5xxx- [38][39][40][41], 6xxx- [42,43], and 7xxx-type [44,45] Al alloys. The effectiveness of microalloying directly depends on the particle parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Mochugovskiy,

Kaplanskaya,

Mosleh

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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This research is devoted to the microstructure evolution and deformation behavior of the Al-1.2Mg-0.7Si-1.0Cu-0.1Sc-0.2Zr alloy during the isothermal multidirectional forging (MDF) in a large cumulative strain and temperature range. The structure investigation of the studied alloy revealed several phases precipitated during solidification, among which θ(Al2Cu), Q(Al5Cu2Mg8Si6), Mg2Si, Sc-bearing W(AlScCu) and V(AlSi2Sc2) phases were observed. The MDF at 150–350 °C and a maximum cumulative strain of 14.4 significantly refined grain structure providing a mean grain size of 1.2–2.1 µm. The L12 structured Al3(Sc,Zr) dispersoids with a mean size of 10 ± 1 nm were formed during two-step homogenization annealing. Due to Zener pinning of the nanoscale dispersoids and fine-grained structure, the alloy exhibited near-superplastic behavior in a temperature range of 460–500 °C and strain rate range of 2 × 10−3–1 × 10−2 s−1 with the maximum elongation to failure of ~300%. After a strengthening heat treatment, the forged alloy exhibited the yield strength of 326 ± 5 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 366 ± 5 MPa, and elongation of 10 ± 3%. The hot deformation behavior was described using the Arrhenius type model. The developed model demonstrated high predictability accuracy with a maximum average absolute relative error of 6.6%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Mochugovskiy,

Kaplanskaya,

Mosleh

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…The dissolution of Al 20 Ti 2 Y at high temperature not only releases a large number of free Ti atoms, but also generates a small number of Y atoms. Related studies [23,24] have shown that Y atoms will converge on the solid-liquid interface in the solidification process of the alloy ,which reduces the tension of the solid-liquid interface, affects the solute redistribution in the solid-liquid front, causes the concentration gradient of the liquid phase in the solid-liquid front, forms the component undercooling, improves the nucleation rate, and refines the grain size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al-TiO₂-C-XY₂O₃ refiner on grain size and mechanical properties of Al-5Cu alloy

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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A series of new Al-TiO2-C-Y2O3 aluminum alloy grain refiners with different Y2O3 content was prepared by exothermic dispersion method using Al, TiO2, C, and Y2O3 powders as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the effect of Y2O3 content on the structure of the Al-TiO2-C refining agent as well as the effect of the Al-TiO2-C-Y2O3 refining agent on the grain size and mechanical properties of an Al-5Cu alloy. The results showed that the Al-TiO2-C-Y2O3 refiner was composed of Al2O3, TiC, Al3Ti, Al5Y3O12, and Al20Ti2Y phases. The refiner with 4% Y2O3 content exhibited the best Al-5Cu alloy refining effect, achieving a grain size of about 210.5 µm. This was about 42% of the grain size of the original Al-5Cu alloy. Moreover, this refined Al-5Cu alloy exhibited the best mechanical properties, with a tensile strength and elongation of 173.13 MPa and 9.19% respectively. This was a 20.9% and 83.8% improvement compared with the original Al-5Cu alloy. However, with a further increase in Y2O3 content, an Al5Y3O12 phase was preferentially formed. This led to a decline in Al20Ti2Y phase content and a correspondingly weaker refinement effect.

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“…Furthermore, the addition of Cu may also cause the Q phase to be formed during the aging process [10], which is a key strengthening phase in aluminum alloys. The addition of Zr or Sc can significantly refine the as-cast structure, and the refining effect was stronger when they were added together [11][12][13]. Moreover, Zr participated in the nucleation of β and promoted the precipitation of the enhanced phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cu Addition on Age Hardening Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si Alloy

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2023

Materials

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In this study, the effects of Cu addition on artificial age hardening behavior and mechanical properties of Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si-(xCu) alloy was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively by Vickers hardness, tensile test, and transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that Cu addition enhanced the aging response of the alloy at 175 °C. With the increase in Cu content, the time for the alloys to reach peak aging decreased from 12 h to 10 h and 8 h. The tensile strength of the alloy was obviously improved with Cu added in which was 421 MPa of 0Cu alloy, 448 MPa of 0.18Cu alloy, and 459 MPa of 0.37Cu alloy. The results of TEM observation revealed that the addition of 0.37Cu changed the aging precipitation sequence of the alloy, in which the precipitation sequence of 0Cu and 0.18Cu alloy was SSSS→GP zones/pre-β″→β″→β″ + β′, 0.37Cu alloy was SSSS→GP zones/pre-β″→β″ + L→β″ + L + Q′. Moreover, with the addition of Cu, the number density and volume fraction of precipitates of the Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si-(xCu) alloy was evidently increased. The number density was increased from 0.23 × 1023/m3 to 0.73 × 1023/m3 in the initial aging stage and from 1.9 × 1023/m3 to 5.5 × 1023/m3 in the peak aging stage. The volume fraction was increased from 0.27% to 0.59% in the early aging stage and from 4.05% to 5.36% in the peak aging stage. It indicated that Cu addition promoted the precipitation of strengthening precipitates and boosted the mechanical properties of the alloy accordingly.

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The influence of minor additions of Y, Sc, and Zr on the microstructural evolution, superplastic behavior, and mechanical properties of AA6013 alloy

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Effect of Al-TiO₂-C-XY₂O₃ refiner on grain size and mechanical properties of Al-5Cu alloy

Effects of Cu Addition on Age Hardening Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si Alloy

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The influence of minor additions of Y, Sc, and Zr on the microstructural evolution, superplastic behavior, and mechanical properties of AA6013 alloy

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modelling of Deformation Behavior for Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed with Isothermal Multidirectional Forging

Effect of Al-TiO2-C-XY2O3 refiner on grain size and mechanical properties of Al-5Cu alloy

Effects of Cu Addition on Age Hardening Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si Alloy

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Effect of Al-TiO₂-C-XY₂O₃ refiner on grain size and mechanical properties of Al-5Cu alloy