The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

Okamura, Beth

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(88)90083-4

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Such variability in the results is not surprising for two reasons: (1) in most studies, stress protein expression is considered a fast physiological response, and the reaction time might vary among colonies of the same patch, and (2) it has been demonstrated in benthic suspension feeders that the feeding rate of a colony depends on its position within the patch (e.g. Okamura 1988). Generally, there seems to be a gradual decrease in the growth rates of gorgonians from the outer to the inner colonies (the outer ones could create trophic shadows on the inner ones; Kim and Lasker 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid concentrations and HSP 70–HSP 90 (stress protein) expression over an annual cycle: useful tools to detect feeding constraints in a benthic suspension feeder

2005

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Protein, carbohydrate, lipid concentrations and HSP 70-HSP 90 (stress protein) expression over an annual cycle: useful tools to detect feeding constraints in a benthic suspension feeder Abstract In the present paper we suggest an effect of seasonal variations in food availability on two ecophysiological parameters in a warm temperate benthic suspension feeder: the tissue concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids on the one hand, and the expression of stress proteins (HSP 70 and 90, inducible and/or constitutive) on the other hand. The concentrations of biomacromolecules have already been used to describe bentho-pelagic and reproductive processes, but this is the first time that stress protein expression is suggested to be directly related with food constraints in marine organisms. Paramuricea clavata (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) express HSP 70 and 90 (constitutive and/ or inducible) throughout the seasonal cycle, and HSP 70 levels are twice as high as the levels of HSP 90. In summer and autumn, when seston availability to suspension feeders was low, P. clavata showed low levels of carbohydrates and lipids, but high levels of HSPs expression. The levels of HSP 70 and 90 expression fit with negative exponential functions of carbohydrate and lipid concentrations. We suggest a direct effect of food availability on the studied ecophysiological parameters while the effect of temperature may be rather indirect. HSP expression as well as the tissue concentrations of carbohydrate and lipids may be used as biomarkers of environmental changes and seston availability to benthic suspension feeders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid concentrations and HSP 70–HSP 90 (stress protein) expression over an annual cycle: useful tools to detect feeding constraints in a benthic suspension feeder

2005

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“…Slides bearing the newly formed colonies were stacked in plastic, histological staining racks and transferred to experimental tanks where they were subjected to contrasted environmental conditions. Colonies were spaced at least 30 mm apart, within or between slides, in order to eliminate the interaction of feeding currents (Okamura 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and genetic components of variation in sexual allocation by an epialgal bryozoan

Hunter¹,

Hughes²

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Celleporella hyalina colonies growing on Fucus serratus were collected from the field and induced to release larvae in the laboratory. From these larvae, colonies were established on glass slides and each cloned by fragmentation. Growth and sexual activity of genotypic replicates in each of 4 environments were monitored for 12 wk. The environments, representing seasonal contrasts in the field, were created from the 4 combinations of lower/higher temperature and lower/higher food supply. Growth, measured as the production of basal autozooids (responsible for feeding), and sexual activity, measured separately as the production of basal male, frontal male and female zooids, were significantly affected by genotype and environment. Genotypes differed in colonial growth rate and in the numbers of male and female zooids produced per colony. Within genotypes, growth was fastest at higher temperature and food supply. Higher food supply encouraged the production of autozooids and sexual zooids. Higher temperature strongly encouraged female production, but not male. Male production was greatest at higher food supply combined with lower temperature, when female production was very low. Colonies maturing in 'summer' conditions therefore invested heavily in females whereas those maturing in 'winter' conditions invested heavily in males. This phenotypic response might promote fitness by ensuring that quantities of females are not produced under environmental conditions that would prolong embryogenesis and brooding beyond a critical time limit set by risks of colonial mortality. On the other hand, overlapping generations and sperm storage would provide opportunity for cross fertilization even dunng winter, when it would pay to invest in males. The genetically based component of variation in sexual allocation in C. hyabna may reflect polymorphism sustained by varylng mating opportunities.

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“…However, to date, there is much less direct evidence for the effect of competition for food, possibly because of the complications raised by attempts to manipulate food sources for filter-feeders. The few state-of-art experiments on intraspecific (Pullen & LaBarbera 1991) and interspecific (Okamura 1984(Okamura , 1985(Okamura , 1988 ABSTRACT: Interspecific feeding interference between neighboring suspension-feeders is an important but understudied structuring process in marine benthic communities. The comparison of δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotope ratios (SIR) between species is widely used to identify the dietary overlap and competition for food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in stable isotope signatures indicates no small-scale feeding interference between a horse mussel and an ascidian

Yakovis¹,

Artemieva²,

Fokin³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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) clumps on gravel and mussels. Species (M. modiolus or S. rustica), tissue (foot and posterior adductor muscles in M. modiolus) and site (8.1 km apart) factors had strong effects on isotope ratios, whilst the presence of a potential competitor had no effect on SIR in either species. We conclude that the diets of M. modiolus and S. rustica are not affected by co-occurrence and do not overlap much, giving no evidence of competition. Further research should take in account the substantial difference in SIR between the 2 M. modiolus muscular tissues studied: −21.582 ± 0.048 (δ 467: 113-120, 2012 size, likely due to technical limitations of the approach based on direct counting of tagged food particles consumed by each individual.Mar Ecol Prog SerStable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are widely used to indirectly assess the relative contribution of different food sources to the diet of animals (see Boecklen et al. 2011 for review). Isotopic signatures are expressed as δ, the ratio of heavy (e.g. . Based on the measurements of these ratios in potential food sources (which usually include particulate organic matter of different origin or certain prey species for marine benthic consumers), one may apply a mixing model to estimate their contribution to the diet of a particular species (Phillips et al. 2005). Stable isotope composition of consumer tissues does not reflect the most recent diet. Instead, it is affected by feeding patterns of several weeks to few months preceding sampling, depending on the metabolic rate of a particular organism and tissue (Dalerum & Angerbjörn 2005). Accurate mixing models thus require potential food sources sampled in advance according to previously studied metabolic rates.Interspecific differences in 13 C and 15 N signatures have been unhesitatingly interpreted as indicators of feeding segregation between potentially competitive suspension-feeding species (e.g. Dubois et al. 2007). High variation of stable isotope signatures observed among the tissues of a single organism may, however, compromise these conclusions (see Lorrain et al. 2002, Yokoyama & Ishihi 2006, CabanellasReboredo et al. 2009, Deudero et al. 2009, Aya & Kudo 2010 for data on bivalves). In coastal Arctic waters, relatively slow metabolic rates of benthic invertebrates are combined with high seasonal changes in potential food sources for suspensionfeeders due to the presence of ice cover and variation in river discharge. Tissue-specific isotope incorporation models (Boecklen et al. 2011) are not yet developed for most species. Therefore, the evidence of interspecific feeding interference or its absence based on mixing models demands multiple repeated sampling of the potential food sources at least several months prior to sampling the consumers. This may not always be technically possible or logistically feasible due to the ice freezing and melting seasons.Interspecific competition for food alters the diet at least of an inferior competitor in relation to the diet observed in the absence of a superior competit...

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The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

Cited by 58 publications

References 60 publications

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid concentrations and HSP 70–HSP 90 (stress protein) expression over an annual cycle: useful tools to detect feeding constraints in a benthic suspension feeder

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid concentrations and HSP 70–HSP 90 (stress protein) expression over an annual cycle: useful tools to detect feeding constraints in a benthic suspension feeder

Environmental and genetic components of variation in sexual allocation by an epialgal bryozoan

Intraspecific variation in stable isotope signatures indicates no small-scale feeding interference between a horse mussel and an ascidian

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