“…The ionization energy loss of the electron-positron produced by pair production is expected to reach twice the ionization loss of a single electron. However, when the electron-positron pair's transverse separation is too small around the production point, the ionization energy loss in a substance decreases, as the oppositely charged particles affect each other's electric field (Trofymenko & Shul'ga, 2015). That is, suppression of ionization occurs due to the interference of electromagnetic fields of electron-positron pairs (Iwadare, 1958).…”