The Influence of Non-preventable Risk Factors on the Development of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Introduction: Scientific studies show that many genetic factors can significantly contribute to the onset of osteoporosis in women. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine whether non-preventable risk factors (certain genetic predisposition - positive parameters of family and personal history, i.e. family history of osteoporosis, family history of fractures, osteoporotic fractures, previous fractures, menopause duration) can affect the occurrence of osteoporosis in women in postmenopausal age. Methods: The study was performed as matched case and controls study. A group of cases consisted of 100 female postmenopausal women in whom by the DEXA method was newly diagnosed osteoporosis at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of the University Clinical Center of Republic Srpska during 2015-2016, while the control group consisted of 100 female postmenopausal women without diagnostic signs of osteoporosis. Groups were matched by age (± 2 years). In order to collect demographic data and data on risk factors for osteoporosis and life habits of patients, the Bone Mineral Density Questionnaire for females of the Irish Society for Osteoporosis was used. Results: The results of the univariate logistic regression in our study did not show that early loss of the menstrual cycle before 50 years of age was a significant factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (p=0.421, OR=0.966, 95% CI=0.889-1.051). The analysis of the data of a positive family history of osteoporosis as a risk factor by the model of the multivariate of logistic regression shows that the presence of osteoporosis in close relatives (usually the mother) represents a significant and independent risk factor for the development of osteoporosis (p=0.003, OR=4.567, 95% CI=1.674- 12.460). The results of the study show that the presence of earlier fractures in the tested subjects is a significant independent risk factor for osteoporosis (p=0.015, OR=2.464, 95% CI=1.195-5.084). Conclusion: The results of our study show that the presence of osteoporosis in close relatives (usually the mother) and the existence of previous fractures are significant risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis. The presence of these factors may be the reason for the selection of patients for further preventive or curative procedures.

Osteoporosis: Diagnosis and Management

“…Non-modifiable risk factors consisted of family history, gender, age, race, and estrogen deficiency. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Bone mass density of postmenopausal women is highly associated with many inherited genetic matter risk factors. In various investigation, many authors suggested hereditary matters as one of the most significant hazard factors of osteoporosis.…”

“…It is accepted that hereditary variables influence the long term bone thickness most extreme as long as 25 years old. 18 Family history of osteoporosis and fracture is highly associated with for osteoporosis risk. The record of prior fracture and family history of osteoporosis in close family members (frequently mother) are important indicators of hazard to future osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.…”

“…The record of prior fracture and family history of osteoporosis in close family members (frequently mother) are important indicators of hazard to future osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. 18 Osteoporosis is more commonly found in women, especially in old age due to a decrease in estrogen. Pregnant women have also a high risk of osteoporosis because the fetal development process requires a lot of calcium.…”

Disparity in bone mineral density of males and females with age

“…The bones start losing minerals by the age 35-40 yrs of age.  Race-Osteoporosis was found to be around 20% and osteopenia in >50% in Asians and Hispanic [7]  Family History-People with family history of more likely to develop osteoporosis [8].  Body frame-Individuals with smaller body frame size are more likely to develop osteoporosis.…”

Ανάλυση Της Συνολικής Και Τμηματικής Σύστασης Του Ανθρώπινου Σώματος Με Απορροφησιομετρία Δύο Ενεργειακών Ομάδων Ακτίνων Χ (DXA)

“…Η κορυφαία οστική μάζα καθορίζεται σε ένα ποσοστό και γενετικά. Έτσι, βρέθηκε ότι οι κόρες γυναικών που είχαν υποστεί κάταγμα ισχίου εμφάνισαν επίσης χαμηλή οστική πυκνότητα [324,325]. Επίσης παράγοντες όπως η φυσική άσκηση, η λήψη ασβεστίου και βιταμίνης D, το αλκοόλ, το κάπνισμα, η έκθεση στο ηλιακό φως και το χαμηλό βάρος σώματος, επηρεάζουν την κορυφαία οστική μάζα.…”