The influence of object height on maximum grip aperture in empirical and modeled data.

Borchers, Svenja; Verheij, Rebekka; Smeets, Jeroen B. J.; Himmelbach, Marc

doi:10.1037/a0035061

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the experimental findings, our model also predicted an increase in MGA with target object depth, although the predicted effect of target object depth on MGA was smaller than the predicted effect of target object height. Collision avoidance can thus partially explain the findings of Hu et al (1999) and Borchers et al (2014). Eastough and Edwards (2007) found that heavy cylinders are grasped with a large MGA than light cylinders of the same dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, it cannot explain why the MGA increases with the length of the axis orthogonal to the axis that is grasped when grasping an elliptic cylinder at its short axis (Cuijpers et al 2004) or why MGA scales with target object height but not with target object depth (Hu et al 1999;Borchers et al 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In this study, we test several explanations for why MGA depends on target object shape: because the shape influences the desired precision of the digits' final positions ('desired precision, ' Smeets and Brenner 1999), because humans have the objective to avoid collisions between the digits and other parts of the target object than the goal positions ('collision avoidance, ' Cuijpers et al 2004;Borchers et al 2014;Verheij et al 2012), because the grip aperture scales with target object mass (Eastough and Edwards 2007), or because, if a target object is grasped along its width, MGA is not scaled to the actual width of the target object but to the perceived width ('perceived width, ' Franz 2001;Franz et al 2000Franz et al , 2001 or to the perceived volume ('perceived volume, ' Borchers et al 2014). In the following paragraphs, we will address these five explanations and their explanatory value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these variables is target object shape, the focus of the present paper. It has repeatedly been shown that target object shape influences the maximum grip aperture (MGA) for a certain distance between the final positions of the digits (Zaal and Bootsma 1993;Cuijpers et al 2004;Eloka and Franz 2011;Hu et al 1999;Borchers et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that when elliptical cylinders are grasped by their short axis, the protruding parts of the orthogonal major axis act as obstacles, giving rise to a larger MGA. In the study of Borchers et al (2014), our grasping model (Verheij et al 2012), in which the idea of collision avoidance is implemented, was used to examine whether collision avoidance could explain why MGA scales with target object height but not with target object depth. In line with the experimental findings, our model predicted an increase in MGA with target object height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of target object shape on maximum grip aperture in human grasping movements

2014

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The shape of a target object could influence maximum grip aperture in human grasping movements in several different ways. Maximum grip aperture could be influenced by the required precision of digit placement, by the aim to avoid colliding with the wrong parts of the target objects, by the mass of the target objects, or by (mis)judging the width or the volume of the target objects. To examine the influence of these five factors, we asked subjects to grasp five differently shaped target objects with the same maximal width, height and depth and compared their maximum grip aperture with what one would expect for each of the five factors. The five target objects, a cube, a three-dimensional plus sign, a rectangular block, a cylinder and a sphere, were all grasped with the same final grip aperture. The experimentally observed maximum grip apertures correlated poorly with the maximum grip apertures that were expected on the basis of the required precision, the actual mass, the perceived width and the perceived volume. They correlated much better with the maximum grip apertures that were expected on the basis of avoiding unintended collisions with the target object. We propose that the influence of target object shape on maximum grip aperture might primarily be the result of the need to avoid colliding with the wrong parts of the target object.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of target object shape on maximum grip aperture in human grasping movements

2014

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The target as an obstacle: Grasping an object at different heights

Verheij

Smeets

2018

Human Movement Science

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Humans use a stereotypical movement pattern to grasp a target object. What is the cause of this stereotypical pattern? One of the possible factors is that the target object is considered an obstacle at positions other than the envisioned goal positions for the digits: while each digit aims for a goal position on the target object, they avoid other positions on the target object even if these positions do not obstruct the movement. According to this hypothesis, the maximum grip aperture will be higher if the risk of colliding with the target object is larger. Based on this hypothesis, we made a set of two unique predictions for grasping a vertically oriented cuboid at its sides at different heights. For cuboids of the same height, the maximum grip aperture will be smaller when grasped higher. For cuboids whose height varies with grip height, the maximum grip aperture will be larger when grasped higher. Both predicted relations were experimentally confirmed. This result supports the idea that considering the target object as an obstacle at positions other than the envisioned goal positions for the digits is underlying the stereotypical movement patterns in grasping. The goal positions of the digits thus influence the maximum grip aperture even if the distance between the goal positions on the target object does not change.

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Grasping at laws: Speed-accuracy trade-offs in manual prehension.

McIntosh¹,

Mon-Williams²,

Tresilian³

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Most of human performance is subject to speed-accuracy trade-offs. For spatially constrained aiming, the trade-off is often said to take the specific form of Fitts' law, in which movement duration is predicted from a single factor combining target distance and target size. However, efforts to extend this law to the three-dimensional context of reaching to grasp (prehension) have had limited success. We suggest that there are potentially confounding influences in standard grasping, and we introduce a novel task to regularize the direction of approach and to eliminate the influences of nearby surfaces. In six participants, we examined speed-accuracy trade-offs for prehension, manipulating the depth (in the plane of the reach), height (orthogonal to the reach), and width (the grasped dimension) of the target object independently. We obtained lawful relationships that were consistent at the group and individual levels. It took longer to reach for more distant objects, and more time was allowed when placing the fingers on a contact surface smaller in either depth or height. More time was taken to grasp wider objects, but only beyond a critical width that varied between individuals. These speed-accuracy trade-offs showed substantial departures from Fitts' law, and were well described by a two-factor model in which reach distance and object size have separate influences on movement duration. We discuss empirical and theoretical reasons for preferring a two-factor model, and we propose that this may represent the most general form of speed-accuracy trade-off, not only for grasping but also for other spatially constrained aiming tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record

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The influence of object height on maximum grip aperture in empirical and modeled data.

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of target object shape on maximum grip aperture in human grasping movements

The influence of target object shape on maximum grip aperture in human grasping movements

The target as an obstacle: Grasping an object at different heights

Grasping at laws: Speed-accuracy trade-offs in manual prehension.

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