“…It has also been shown that the first 48 amino acids of the N-terminus of isoform E, that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle type I fibers [ 41 ], dramatically suppress contractile protein binding capacity of this enzyme [ 69 ], a behavior that could facilitate other intracellular interactions. More recently, a series of studies has shown that interactions between purified pig heart AMPD, the porcine ortholog of human isoform E [ 72 ], and isolated cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and artificial lipid bilayers [ 73 , 74 , 75 ], alters secondary structure and regulatory behavior of the enzyme. The association of the N-terminal domain of AMPD3 with the cytoplasmic face of erythrocyte ghost membranes is accompanied by reduced catalytic activity of the enzyme [ 27 ].…”