Abstract:Microplastics are polymer-based materials that require a variety of organic and inorganic
chemical additives during the manufacturing process. These chemicals have an impact on
aquatic organisms. This study aimed to quantify the impact of microplastics on the growth
and quality of microalgae Spirulina sp. We studied the interaction between Spirulina sp.
and 500 mg of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) microplastics. Three glass
bioreactors containing 2 L of Spirulina sp. were observed for 30 days. The fi… Show more
“…without microplastic treatment in ( Figure 1 ) was 0.994 ± 0.015 higher than that of Spirulina sp. treated with PE and PP microplastics, i.e., 0.912 ± 0.021 and 0.886 ± 0.009 ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). The results in Figure 1 also confirm that the growth rate of Spirulina sp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…cells caused by microplastics could reduce the quality of Spirulina sp. biomass, reduce the productivity of protein and polysaccharides, and even lead to their disappearance ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). Figure 4 FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of the FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp. biomass are shown in ( Figure 4 ) ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). Wavelength 1450 to 1397 cm −1 indicated the loss of carboxyl groups, and a sulfone group was lost at 875 cm −1 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to assess the changes in the composition of PE and PP organic elements due to the degradation process of Spirulina sp. ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ).…”
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microplastics on
Spirulina
sp., the pigment phycocyanin in
Spirulina
sp., and the effect of
Spirulina
sp. on the degradation of PE and PP plastic. The interaction of
Spirulina
sp. with microplstic (PE and PP) was conducted by adding the microplastic (500 mg/500 mL, with a size of 0.5–1 mm
2
) to microalgae culture. The optical density was measured for 30 days to determine the growth of
Spirulina
sp. Harvesting was performed to obtain dry
Spirulina
sp biomass. Phycocyanin was obtained through extraction by mixing 0.1 g dry
Spirulina
sp. biomass with 25 ml of 1% CaCl
2
in an ultrasonic water bath at 50 kHz, 300 W at 30 °C for 15 min. The results showed that the growth rate of
Spirulina
sp significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with treatment of PE (SP + PE) (0.0228/day) and PP (Sp + PP) (0.0221/day), compared to the control (Sp-Control) (0.0312/day). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of
Spirulina
sp. biomass with the addition of PE and PP revealed surface damage of
Spirulina
sp. cells and loss of carboxyl groups from proteins in
Spirulina
sp. at wavelengths of 1397–1450 cm
−1
. In addition,
Spirulina
sp. had decreased the intensity of amine and amide groups from proteins at wavelengths of 3280, 1637, and 1537 cm
−1
in the microplastic treatment. The phycocyanin yield and protein content in
Spirulina
sp. control were 19.69% and 0.147%, respectively, which decreased by 10.7% and 0.121%, respectively, with PE treatment and by 8.7% and 0.108%, respectively, with PP treatment. Moreover, the investigation of PE and PP treated by
Spirulina
sp showed more significant changes of functional group indicated by the formation of hydroxyl (3286 cm
−1
), carbonyl (1700 cm
−1
), ester (1750 cm
−1
) and primary alcohol (1085 cm
−1
). The results of the EDX microplastic analysis showed a decrease in carbon in PE (1.62%) and PP (1.08%). These FTIR and EDX analysis also proved that microplastic has experienced degradation when treated by
Spirulina
sp cell culture.
“…without microplastic treatment in ( Figure 1 ) was 0.994 ± 0.015 higher than that of Spirulina sp. treated with PE and PP microplastics, i.e., 0.912 ± 0.021 and 0.886 ± 0.009 ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). The results in Figure 1 also confirm that the growth rate of Spirulina sp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…cells caused by microplastics could reduce the quality of Spirulina sp. biomass, reduce the productivity of protein and polysaccharides, and even lead to their disappearance ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). Figure 4 FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of the FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp. biomass are shown in ( Figure 4 ) ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ). Wavelength 1450 to 1397 cm −1 indicated the loss of carboxyl groups, and a sulfone group was lost at 875 cm −1 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to assess the changes in the composition of PE and PP organic elements due to the degradation process of Spirulina sp. ( Dianratri et al., 2020 ).…”
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microplastics on
Spirulina
sp., the pigment phycocyanin in
Spirulina
sp., and the effect of
Spirulina
sp. on the degradation of PE and PP plastic. The interaction of
Spirulina
sp. with microplstic (PE and PP) was conducted by adding the microplastic (500 mg/500 mL, with a size of 0.5–1 mm
2
) to microalgae culture. The optical density was measured for 30 days to determine the growth of
Spirulina
sp. Harvesting was performed to obtain dry
Spirulina
sp biomass. Phycocyanin was obtained through extraction by mixing 0.1 g dry
Spirulina
sp. biomass with 25 ml of 1% CaCl
2
in an ultrasonic water bath at 50 kHz, 300 W at 30 °C for 15 min. The results showed that the growth rate of
Spirulina
sp significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with treatment of PE (SP + PE) (0.0228/day) and PP (Sp + PP) (0.0221/day), compared to the control (Sp-Control) (0.0312/day). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of
Spirulina
sp. biomass with the addition of PE and PP revealed surface damage of
Spirulina
sp. cells and loss of carboxyl groups from proteins in
Spirulina
sp. at wavelengths of 1397–1450 cm
−1
. In addition,
Spirulina
sp. had decreased the intensity of amine and amide groups from proteins at wavelengths of 3280, 1637, and 1537 cm
−1
in the microplastic treatment. The phycocyanin yield and protein content in
Spirulina
sp. control were 19.69% and 0.147%, respectively, which decreased by 10.7% and 0.121%, respectively, with PE treatment and by 8.7% and 0.108%, respectively, with PP treatment. Moreover, the investigation of PE and PP treated by
Spirulina
sp showed more significant changes of functional group indicated by the formation of hydroxyl (3286 cm
−1
), carbonyl (1700 cm
−1
), ester (1750 cm
−1
) and primary alcohol (1085 cm
−1
). The results of the EDX microplastic analysis showed a decrease in carbon in PE (1.62%) and PP (1.08%). These FTIR and EDX analysis also proved that microplastic has experienced degradation when treated by
Spirulina
sp cell culture.
“…Pada hasil investigasi Lagarde et al, (2016) membuktikan efek negative yang diakibatkan oleh ongteraksi mikroplastik dengan mikroalga di dalam media fresh water (air sungai) dimana mikroalga menunjukkan ekspresi biosintesis gula yang berlebihan pada perlakuan mikroalga dengan mikroplastik HDPE jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan mikroplastik PP. Pada penelitian dengan fokus yang berbeda oleh Dianratri et al (2020) menunjukkan adanya dampak negative pada pertumbuhan mikroalga dan kualitas biomass mikroalga Spirulina sp akibat perlakuan mikroplastik Polietilen dan Polipropilen. Selanjutnya Sjollema et.al.…”
Salah satu cara yang digunakan di Indonesia dalam menanggulangi berlimpahnya jumlah sampah plastik di lingkungan perairan adalah dengan menggantikan kantong plastik berbahan polimer polietilen (PE) dengan plastik oxodegradable yang disebut oxium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dengan plastic oxodegradable oxium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii sebagai mikroorganisme yang akan mendapat perlakuan mikroplastik dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Dari Hasil pengukuran optical density untuk menentukan laju pertumbuhan mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis dengan perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan mikroplastik oxium. Konsentrasi mikroplastik ikut berperan dalam menentukan laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii di mana pada perlakuan mikroplastik oxium terjadi penurunan hingga 37,66% pada konsentrasi mikroplastik 300mg/500mL dan 81,70% pada perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen dengan konsentrasi 200mg/500mL. Mikroplastik polietilen dan oxium memberikan dampak negatif pada organisme tingkat rendah disebabkan oleh kemampuannya dalam melepas bahan aditif yang bersifat toksik sehingga diperlukan solusi yang lebih baik untuk menggantikan fungsi plastik dengan bahan yang lebih ramah bagi lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACTOne of the methods used in Indonesia in tackling the abundance of plastic waste in the aquatic environment is to replace plastic bags made of polyethylene (PE) polymer with oxodegradable plastic called oxium. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) microplastic polyethylene with oxodegradable oxium plastic. The research was conducted using the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii as microorganisms that will receive microplastic treatment with different concentrations. From the results of optical density measurements to determine the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae, it was shown that the growth rate of Tetraselmis with polyethylene microplastics treatment decreased significantly compared to oxium microplastics. The concentration of microplastics played a role in determining the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii where in the oxium microplastic treatment there was a decrease of up to 37.66% at the microplastic concentration of 300mg/500mL and 81.70% at the polyethylene microplastic treatment with a concentration of 200mg/500mL. Polyethylene and oxyum microplastics have a negative impact on low-level organisms due to their ability to release toxic additives so that better solutions are needed to replace the function of plastics with materials that are more environmentally friendly.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
