The Influence of Prebiotics on Neurobiology and Behavior

Kao, Amy Chia-Ching; Harty, Siobhán; Burnet, Philip W.J.

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.08.007

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Both studies were carried out in healthy adults. Neither study collected faecal samples to determine effects on the gut microbiota specifically; however, the prebiotics (fructo-oligosaccharide [FOS], Bimuno-galactooligosaccharide [B-GOS] or Oligofructose-Enriched-Inulin) employed for assessment represent those that are well-described within scientific literature and known to have an effect on gut microbiota, specifically Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Schmidt et al [ 23 ] performed a RDBPC and assessed two different prebiotic fibres FOS or B-GOS, compared to PLA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Human Gut Microbiota on Cognitive Performance, Brain Structure and Function: A Narrative Review

Tooley¹

2020

Nutrients

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Enhancing or preserving cognitive performance of personnel working in stressful, demanding and/or high tempo environments is vital for optimal performance. Emerging research suggests that the human gut microbiota may provide a potential avenue to enhance cognition. This review examines the relationship between the human gut microbiota, including modulators of the microbiota on cognition and/or brain function. For this narrative review, a total of n = 17 relevant human research items of a possible 1765 published between January 2010 and November 2018 were identified. Two overarching design methods for synthesis were observed: correlational or pre/post intervention. Limited correlational design studies linking microbiota to cognitive/brain structure endpoints existed (n = 5); however, correlations between microbiota diversity and enhanced cognitive flexibility and executive function were observed. Gut microbiota intervention studies to improve cognition or brain function (n = 12) generally resulted in improved cognition (11/12), in which improvements were observed in visuospatial memory, verbal learning and memory, and aspects of attentional vigilance. Limited studies were available to draw a detailed conclusion; however, available evidence suggests that gut microbiota is linked to cognitive performance and that manipulation of gut microbiota could be a promising avenue for enhancing cognition which warrants further research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Human Gut Microbiota on Cognitive Performance, Brain Structure and Function: A Narrative Review

Tooley¹

2020

Nutrients

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“…72 However, the use of specific bacteria to obtain mind-altering effects-via changes in the levels of neurotransmitters, immunological functions or hormonal signals-has been called psychobiotics. 73 Personalized medicine is also beginning to take the shape of targeted nutrition along with bacterial products called postbiotics. 74 But the idea that moods, emotional states, cognitive processes and even personality traits should be linked to the arrangement of the microbiome may elicit a biased rejection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are we Ready for a “Microbiome-Guided Behaviour” Approach?

Lavazza¹,

Sironi²

2019

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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Abstract:The microbiome is proving to be increasingly important for human brain functioning. A series of recent studies have shown that the microbiome influences the central nervous system in various ways, and consequently acts on the psychological well-being of the individual by mediating, among others, the reactions of stress and anxiety. From a specifically neuroethical point of view, according to some scholars, the particular composition of the microbiome—qua microbial community—can have consequences on the traditional idea of human individuality. Another neuroethical aspect concerns the reception of this new knowledge in relation to clinical applications. In fact, attention to the balance of the microbiome—which includes eating behavior, the use of psychobiotics and, in the treatment of certain diseases, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation—may be limited or even prevented by a biased negative attitude. This attitude derives from a prejudice related to everything that has to do with the organic processing of food and, in general, with the human stomach and intestine: the latter have traditionally been regarded as low, dirty, contaminated and opposed to what belongs to the mind and the brain. This biased attitude can lead one to fail to adequately consider the new anthropological conceptions related to the microbiome, resulting in a state of health, both physical and psychological, inferior to what one might have by paying the right attention to the knowledge available today. Shifting from the ubiquitous high-low metaphor (which is synonymous with superior-inferior) to an inside-outside metaphor can thus be a neuroethical strategy to achieve a new and unbiased reception of the discoveries related to the microbiome.

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“…Prebiotics are non-digestible foods/compounds that are found in a range of foods, such as asparagus, banana, garlic, onion, beans, and lentils. They are comprised of carbohydrates or short chains of saccharide molecules [107]. An important characteristic of dietary prebiotics is that they must be a selectively (i.e., preferential to gut microbiota populations including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria) fermentable ingredient which aids the composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota [108].…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different forms of prebiotics exist that commonly include inulin, fructo-oligo-saccharides (FOS), and galacto-oligo-saccharides (GOS). Early evidence suggests that through post-fermentation by resident gut microbiota, prebiotics are capable of modulating a central brain growth factor (BDNF) among other plasticity-related proteins, neurotransmitters, cytokines, as well as anxiety, and emotional processing [107].…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults and Military Personnel

Pomeroy¹,

Tooley²,

Probert³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Intake of dietary supplements has increased, despite evidence that some of these have adverse side effects and uncertainty about their effectiveness. This systematic review examined the evidence for the cognitive benefits of a wide range of dietary supplements in healthy young adult samples; the aim was to identify if any might be useful for optimising cognitive performance during deployment in military personnel. Searches were conducted in 9 databases and 13 grey literature repositories for relevant studies published between January 2000 and June 2017. Eligible studies recruited healthy young adults (18–35 years), administered a legal dietary supplement, included a comparison control group, and assessed cognitive outcome(s). Thirty-seven of 394 identified studies met inclusion criteria and were included for synthesis. Most research was deemed of low quality (72.97%; SIGN50 guidelines), highlighting the need for sound empirical research in this area. Nonetheless, we suggest that tyrosine or caffeine could be used in healthy young adults in a military context to enhance cognitive performance when personnel are sleep-deprived. Caffeine also has the potential benefit of improving vigilance and attention during sustained operations offering little opportunity for sleep. Inconsistent findings and methodological limitations preclude firm recommendations about the use of other specific dietary supplements.

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The Influence of Prebiotics on Neurobiology and Behavior

Cited by 41 publications

References 95 publications

Effects of the Human Gut Microbiota on Cognitive Performance, Brain Structure and Function: A Narrative Review

Effects of the Human Gut Microbiota on Cognitive Performance, Brain Structure and Function: A Narrative Review

Are we Ready for a “Microbiome-Guided Behaviour” Approach?

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults and Military Personnel

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