The Influence of Process Parameters on the Surface Roughness of a 3D-Printed Co–Cr Dental Alloy Produced via Selective Laser Melting

Hong, Min-Ho; Min, Bok Ki; Kwon, Tae‐Yub

doi:10.3390/app6120401

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This process has been used successfully to fabricate parts made of titanium alloys [10], stainless steel [11], CoCrMo alloys [12,13], and copper alloys [14]. In SLM, a continuous molten track needs to be formed in order to achieve densification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Additive manufacturing using tungsten, a brittle material, is difficult because of its high melting point, thermal conductivity, and oxidation tendency. In this study, pure tungsten parts with densities of up to 18.53 g/cm 3 (i.e., 96.0% of the theoretical density) were fabricated by selective laser melting. In order to minimize balling effects, the raw polyhedral tungsten powders underwent a spheroidization process before laser consolidation. Compared with polyhedral powders, the spherical powders showed increased laser absorptivity and packing density, which helped in the formation of a continuous molten track and promoted densification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…The laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process which fabricates Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy with a near net shape has no restriction in the component shapes. It has been popular in recent studies [4][5][6][7] and has been widely used to fabricate complex components in aerospace and other industries [1]. The typical grain structure in the fabricated Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy samples is coarse columnar prior β grains, which arise due to high temperature gradients and distribute approximately parallel to the building direction [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Vertical Wire Feeding with Axisymmetric Multi-Laser Source

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source (feeding the wire vertically into the molten pool) has exhibited great advantages over LAM (laser additive manufacturing) with paraxial wire feeding, which has an anisotropic forming problem in different scanning directions. This paper investigates the forming ability of vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components. It has been found that vertical wire feeding with an axisymmetric multi-laser source has a strong forming ability with no anisotropic forming problem when fabricating the complex parts in a three-axis machine tool. Most of the grains in the samples are equiaxed grains, and a small amount of short columnar grains exist which are parallel to each other. The microstructure of the fabricated samples exhibits a fine basket-weave structure and martensite due to the fast cooling rate which was caused by the small size of the molten pool and the additional heat dissipation from the feeding wire. The static tensile test shows that the average ultimate tensile strength is 1140 MPa in the scanning direction and 1115 MPa in the building direction, and the average elongation is about 6% in both directions.

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“…2017, 7, 710 2 of 6 In addition, low surface quality (such as cracking, delamination, and swelling) is one of the major drawbacks encountered in the SLM process [5]. Hong et al [6] demonstrated that three laser process parameters (laser power, scan rate, and scan-line spacing) directly influenced the surface roughness of an SLM cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloy. Yasa et al [5] suggested "laser re-melting," in which, after scanning a layer and melting the powder, the same slice is re-scanned before adding a new layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the dimensional accuracy of the final 3D product can be significantly jeopardized by many factors, including thermal distortion due to continuous melting and resolidification during the SLM process [6]. Kim et al [7] reported that SLM-fabricated Co-Cr alloy copings showed significantly larger marginal discrepancies than cast ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…SLM-fabricated fixed partial dentures have good dimensional accuracy and, in particular, a good marginal fit to minimize plaque accumulation and to reduce the chance of recurrent caries and periodontal disease ( Figure 1) [1,7]. However, the dimensional accuracy of the final 3D product can be significantly jeopardized by many factors, including thermal distortion due to continuous melting and resolidification during the SLM process [6]. Kim et al [7] reported that SLM-fabricated Co-Cr alloy copings showed significantly larger marginal discrepancies than cast ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications

2017

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Featured Application: This article will help to find main points to be considered while applying selective laser melting technology in dentistry.Abstract: Metal additive manufacturing (AM), especially selective laser melting (SLM), has been receiving particular attention because metallic functional structures with complicated configurations can be effectively fabricated using the technique. However, there still exist some future challenges for the fabrication of high-quality SLM products for dental applications. First, the surface quality of SLM products should be further improved by standardizing the laser process parameters or by appropriately post-treating the surface. Second, it should be guaranteed that dental SLM restorations have good dimensional accuracy and, in particular, a good marginal fit. Third, a definitive standard regarding building and scanning strategies, which affect the anisotropy, should be established to optimize the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of SLM dental structures. Fourth, the SLM substructure's bonding and support to veneering ceramic should be further studied to facilitate the use of esthetic dental restorations. Finally, the biocompatibility of SLM dental alloys should be carefully examined and improved to minimize the potential release of toxic metal ions from the alloys. Future research of SLM should focus on solving the above challenges, as well as on fabricating dental structures with "controlled" porosity.Keywords: additive manufacturing; anisotropy; dental alloy; selective laser melting Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing or rapid prototyping, is the process of joining materials to make 3D objects from digital data, usually layer upon layer [1,2]. Metal AM, especially selective laser melting (SLM), has been receiving particular attention because metallic functional structures with complicated configurations in various industrial, medical, and dental sectors can now be fabricated using this technique [1][2][3]. However, due to the complex nature of metal AM, there still exist many challenges for the successful fabrication of high-quality metallic products with favorable microstructures and properties [3]. In particular, several challenges need to be solved in order to apply the SLM technology widely in dental applications, replacing conventional techniques such as casting [1].It has been known that the SLM technique can produce 3D objects with minimal pre-processing and/or post-processing requirements [3]. In reality, however, the supporting structure created in the manufacturing stage must be manually removed after the final 3D product is completed [2,4].

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The Influence of Process Parameters on the Surface Roughness of a 3D-Printed Co–Cr Dental Alloy Produced via Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Vertical Wire Feeding with Axisymmetric Multi-Laser Source

Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications

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