The influence of retinopathy of prematurity on ocular growth

O’Keefe

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

et al. 2006

PURPOSETo assess the long-term refractive and biometric outcomes of diode laser-treated eyes in threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODSCycloplegic autorefraction and biometry (Zeiss IOLMaster) were performed, at a mean follow-up of 11 years, on 16 laser-treated eyes with threshold ROP and 9 comparison eyes with subthreshold untreated ROP. RESULTSThe laser-treated eyes had a mean spherical equivalent of Ϫ2.33 D with a mean astigmatic error of 1.38 D. The comparison eyes had a mean spherical equivalent of ϩ1.07 D with a mean astigmatic error of 0.42 D. This trend toward increased myopia in treated eyes did not achieve statistical significance ( p ϭ 0.08). The myopia in the laser group appeared to be slowly progressive in nature when compared with earlier refractive data for these patients. The laser-treated eyes had reduced anterior chamber depth (ACD) compared with the subthreshold eyes ( p ϭ 0.02). When physiologic accommodation was inhibited by cycloplegic drops, the anterior chamber deepened by 0.13 mm in the laser-treated eyes and by 0.06 mm in the comparison eyes. This effect of accommodation on ACD did not differ significantly between the two groups ( p ϭ 0.23). The laser-treated eyes and the comparison eyes did not differ significantly in terms of axial length, corneal power, corneal diameter, or lens power. However, both groups had steeper corneas, shallower anterior chambers, and shorter axial lengths when compared with historical full-term controls. CONCLUSIONSMyopia in premature infants requiring laser treatment for ROP is associated with a shallowing of the anterior chamber and a steepening of the cornea. Physiological accommodation is not impaired by laser therapy or by severe ROP. ( J AAPOS 2006;10: 454-459) P rematurity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are well-established independent risk factors for myopia. [1][2][3][4] There have been reports that cryotherapy in threshold ROP contributes to the development of myopia and that laser photocoagulation, in comparison, produces less myopic shift. 5-7 However, Quinn et al felt that the cryotherapy did not result in additional myopia but that the high myopia was related to the cicatricial retinopathy or severity of ROP. 8 In recent times, laser photocoagulation has largely replaced cryotherapy as the established treatment modality for ROP. Davitt et al have shown no increase in myopia or high myopia, at 9 months, in laser-treated compared with untreated high-risk prethreshold ROP eyes in the Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) study. 9 The clinical objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term refractive outcome of threshold ROP eyes at a mean of 11 years after diode laser treatment, with particular attention to the role of the cornea, anterior chamber depth, axial length, and effective lens power in determining the refractive status.A comparison group with documented subthreshold ROP, which had regressed spontaneously without laser treatment, was also evaluated. Materials and MethodsAll premature babies who...

Section: Volume 10 Number 5 October 2006supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Volume 10 Number 5 October 2006mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Volume 10 Number 5 October 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volume 10 Number 5 October 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Refractive and Biometric Outcomes Following Diode Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity

O’Keefe

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

et al. 2006

“…Our study results confirmed 2 types of myopia: without ROP, and myopia caused by ROP. Together with other researchers (27,28,(34)(35)(36) we have found a high prevalence of myopia in ROP treated children. We did not observe similar distribution of myopia in both ROP treated and ROP untreated eyes, as Quinn et al (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Ophthalmological follow-up of prematurely born children in preschool age: prospective study of visual acuity, refractive errors and strabismus

Montvilaitė¹,

Grizickaitė²,

Augyte³

et al. 2016

AML

Background. Preterm birth is a very relevant problem. Retinopathy of prematurity in its severe forms causes visual impairment or can lead to blindness. The aim of the present study was to describe the visual outcome in prematurely born and full-term children at the preschool age and to evaluate the effects of prematurity per se, ROP, and treatment on visual acuity and refractive errors.Materials and methods. A prospective study on the incidence of ROP during 2006-2008 included 103 preterm infants. 81 had ROP and 22 had no history of ROP; 40 were age-matched healthy children. All underwent a complete ophthalmic examination.Results. Significant myopia (≤ -0.50D) in prematurely born children differed from full-term ones. The ROP treated group had the highest prevalence of myopia (P < 0.001). Astigmatism (>2D) was dominant in the premature group (39%) as compared with the control group (0%) (P < 0.05). 65% had significant anisometropia and 35% had high anisometropia in the preterm group and only 5% had significant anisometropia in the full-term group (P = 0.014). Within the preterm group, the ROP treated children had the highest frequency of anisometropia and strabismus (P = 0.001). Visual acuity was significantly better in the full-term than in prematurely born children (P < 0.001). Three children (7.7%) of the premature ROP treated group were visually impaired.Conclusions. Refractive errors, astigmatism, anisometropia and strabismus were more common in prematurely born children than in those born at term, especially the ROP treated group. ROP outcome and prematurity per se remain risk factors for visual impairment to prematurely born children at preschool age.

A Population-Based Study of the Refractive Outcome in 10-Year-Old Preterm and Full-Term Children

Larsson

Rydberg²,

Holmström³

2003

Arch Ophthalmol

130

To evaluate the refractive outcome in 10year-old prematurely born children and in full-term control children. Methods: Retinoscopy during cycloplegia was performed in 213 prematurely born children from a previous population-based study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and in 217 children born at term. The spherical equivalent, astigmatism, anisometropia, and significant refractive errors (defined as hypermetropia Ͼ3 diopters [D], myopia Յ−1 D, astigmatism Ն1 D in 1 or both eyes, and/or anisometropia Ն1 D) were analyzed. Results: Significant refractive errors were found in 29.6% of the prematurely born and in 7.8% of the full-term children. Prematurely born children had higher prevalences of hypermetropia of more than 3 D, myopia of −1