The Influence of Simulated Rainfall on Residual Bacteria and Virus on Grass Treated with Sewage Sludge

Brown, K. W.; Jones, S.G.; Donnelly, K.C.

doi:10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900020019x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In one previous study, Brown et al (1980) (Brown et al, 1980). Rotavirus SA-11 concentrations decreased more rapidly than poliovirus both in summer and winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass

Badawy

Rose

Gerba

1990

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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The fate of coliphage and human enteric viruses on turf grass was studied in order to elucidate the potential risk to public health when grass is irrigated with activated sludge treated sewage effluent. The survival of seeded coliphage MS-2, poliovirus type 1, and rotavirus SA-11 was studied outdoors during winter and summer. Virus inactivation rates were influenced by temperature as well as by type of virus. Coliphage, poliovirus, and rotavirus average inactivation rates (K = log inactivated/hr) were 0.17, 0.06 and 0.10 per hour, respectively, during the winter 1

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“…In one previous study, Brown et al (1980) (Brown et al, 1980). Rotavirus SA-11 concentrations decreased more rapidly than poliovirus both in summer and winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass

Badawy

Rose

Gerba

1990

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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“…This range is in agreement with other studies in different matrices (Gantzer et al, 2001;Hurst et al, 1980) though a more rapid decay has also been found. Brown (1980) showed that coliphages were not detectable after 48 h in grass after sludge application due to the drier conditions. E. fecalis persisted much better than E. coli and was less affected by temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The die-off time is usually expressed as a decimal reduction (T 90 ) or as the time after which organisms are no longer detectable (total die-off). The latter may vary between days and several months for viruses, bacteria and parasitic protozoa (Badawy et al, 1990;Brown et al, 1980) while helminth eggs may persist for years (O'Donnell et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Indicator and Pathogen Reduction in Vegetation Microcosms

Åström

Carlander

Sahlén

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Municipal wastewater has been applied as a fertilizer to coniferous forest in northern Sweden with the additional aims to purify the wastewater and reduce the treatment costs. This practice has the potential to introduce pathogenic microorganisms from the applied wastewater or sludge to the environment, with a subsequent risk of transmission to exposed humans or animals. Seasonality and climatological conditions, in particular low temperature, humidity and low sun intensity will furthermore affect the persistence of pathogens in the forest in northern Scandinavia and may therefore enhance the survival and thereby the exposure risk. The survival of two pathogens (Salmonella senftenberg and Campylobacter coli) and four fecal indicator organisms; bacteria strains (E. coli and E. fecalis) and bacteriophages (S. typhimurium phage 28 B and ϕx174), used here as viral models, was evaluated in microcosms (60 Litre terrariums) with two vegetation regimes (characterized as moss and lichen) at selected temperatures (+3 • C to +27 • C) and artificial light exposure (light and dark). Salmonella persisted in high numbers after 35 days in the vegetation, indicating a potential risk for further transmission. Neither the vegetation regime nor temperature or light exposure as independent factors governed the reduction of the indicator bacteria and the bacteriophages. The persistence of the indicator organisms was generally best supported in the moss vegetation at low temperature in the dark, where the time for a 90% reduction (T 90 ) was in the range from 8 days (E. coli) to 31 days (Salmonella phage). The die-off characteristics found in this study provide baseline values for further validations in the field and verify that the purification and reuse of municipal wastewater in coniferous forest could potentially be responsible for transmission of fecal pathogens to humans and animals.

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“…It has been postulated that enteric pathogens survive wastewater treatment process in low numbers (Sidhu and Toze ) and then, if introduced to soil at the time of biosolids application, subsequent contamination onto plant leaves may occur during the rainfall events (Brown et al . ; Boyer ). If this was to occur in food grain crops, contaminated grains and fodder could potentially transmit diseases to humans and livestock at consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, pathogens may survive better under certain conditions such as in the shade or under increased moisture content, usually between the leaves and stems of the plants (Brown et al . ; Lindow and Brandl ; Ibekwe et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay of Salmonella enterica ,Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2 on the phyllosphere and stored grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum )

Schwarz

Sidhu

Pritchard

et al. 2013

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Significance and Impact of the Study: Results of this study suggest that there is very limited potential of enteric pathogens survival on wheat phyllosphere and grains. Therefore, the risk of transfer of enteric pathogens from biosolids-amended soil to consumers of grain products is considered to be low. This study has important implications for the grains industry, as the results suggest that chances of preharvest contamination of grains with enteric pathogens from biosolids-amended soil are low. AbstractCereal crops grown in the biosolids-amended soil can potentially become contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms during growth and at the time of harvesting. There is small but unquantified potential risk of transfer of enteric pathogens to humans and animals from contaminated plants and grains. This study examined decay of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and bacteriophage MS2 on the wheat phyllosphere and on stored grains. This was done to assess the health implications of cereal crops contaminated from land application of biosolids. E. coli, S. enterica and MS2 were inoculated onto the leaves, spikelets and grains of wheat. The change in the numbers of inoculated micro-organisms was determined over time to calculate the respective 90% reduction time (T 90 ) in each of these environments. A rapid inactivation (T 90 <1-3 days) of E. coli and S. enterica and MS2 from the plant phyllosphere was observed, particularly from the spikelets. The decay rates were influenced by micro-organism type and location on the plant phyllosphere. Decay times on the stored grains were longer (T 90 9-71 days), with some observed influence of grain variety on pathogen decay times.

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The Influence of Simulated Rainfall on Residual Bacteria and Virus on Grass Treated with Sewage Sludge

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass

Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass

Fecal Indicator and Pathogen Reduction in Vegetation Microcosms

Decay of Salmonella enterica ,Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2 on the phyllosphere and stored grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum )

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