The Influence of Slide–Roll Ratio on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation

Shimizu, Yasunori; Spikes, H. A.

doi:10.1007/s11249-016-0738-z

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(Some results were obtained in previous research [21].) Figures 3 and 4 show interference images on the MTM steel balls at 5 and 20 N, respectively, while Fig.…”

Section: Mtm-slim Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The mini traction machine-space layer imaging (MTM-SLIM), PCS Instrument is a well-known and useful method to monitor ZDDP tribofilm growth in situ, and its use to study the kinetics of ZDDP tribofilm growth has been reported widely [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In this paper, MTM-SLIM has been used to monitor ZDDP tribofilm formation and wear on the ferrous counter-surface rubbed against Al-Si alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Aluminium–Silicon Alloy on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation on the Counter-Surface

Shimizu

Spikes

2017

Tribol Lett

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In order to reduce vehicle weight and thus improve fuel economy, aluminium (Al) alloys have been increasingly adopted as contact surfaces such as piston skirts and cylinder liners in current engines. In general, hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are used, in which hard silicon grains are embedded in a softer Al-Si single phase matrix. It is reported that after rubbing, the matrix is removed to leave silicon grains protruding from the surface. However, the response of the counter-surface by these silicon grains is rarely investigated. In this study, mini traction machinespace layer imaging (MTM-SLIM) has been used to monitor tribofilm formation in situ and investigate the evolution of both surfaces in the contact of a steel ball on an Al-Si disc lubricated by ZDDP solution. In low-load conditions, the top layer of aluminium on the Al-Si disc is removed physically to leave silicon grains protruding from the surface, while ZDDP tribofilm pads are formed mainly on the grains. On the counter-surface (steel ball), ZDDP tribofilms are formed and build up with no wear scars. In high-load conditions, deep gaps are observed to form initially round the silicon grains on the disc. During rubbing, these become shallower, while the silicon grains start to protrude. On the steel ball, ZDDP tribofilm is generated initially over the whole rubbing track, but then the tribofilm in the middle of the track is almost completely removed by rubbing against the protruding silicon grains. Wear of the underlying steel surface then ensues.

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“…(Some results were obtained in previous research [21].) Figures 3 and 4 show interference images on the MTM steel balls at 5 and 20 N, respectively, while Fig.…”

Section: Mtm-slim Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Aluminium–Silicon Alloy on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation on the Counter-Surface

Shimizu

Spikes

2017

Tribol Lett

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“…It is of interest to compare the behaviour seen in reciprocating sliding with that seen and reported previously in unidirectional sliding conditions [23]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Results In Unidirectional Purementioning

confidence: 68%

“…From the previous research by the authors (Figs. 13,14) in [23], in the unidirectional pure sliding conditions shown in Fig. 4, after 30 s from the beginning of the test, 550-nm-thick particles were observed on the ball with strong S intensity in EDX analysis, but after further rubbing, a film with a high concentration of Zn and P was formed.…”

Section: Comparison With Results In Unidirectional Purementioning

confidence: 93%

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

Shimizu

Spikes

2016

Tribol Lett

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The anti-wear and anti-seizure performance and action mechanisms of zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) have been investigated under reciprocating pure sliding conditions to simulate piston ring and cylinder liner assembly, using new techniques. The Mini Traction Machine-Space Layer Imaging is a useful method for monitoring tribofilm formation by ZDDPs. However, tests are generally carried out in mixed sliding-rolling conditions and ZDDP film formation in reciprocating pure sliding conditions is rarely investigated. In this paper, the authors describe an investigation of ZDDP film formation in stationary ball on reciprocating disc pure sliding conditions and compare the results to those obtained in unidirectional pure sliding conditions. In unidirectional pure sliding conditions, the worn area on the ball expands with test time. By contrast, in reciprocating pure sliding conditions, tribofilm forms on the stationary ball and no significant damage occurs. In the initial tribofilm formation under reciprocating pure sliding conditions, solid particulate tribofilm with a high concentration of S forms initially in the contact area and subsequently breaks up. During further rubbing, a Zn-and P-rich tribofilm forms on the comminuted sulphur-rich tribofilm and also the area where the initial tribofilm was removed.

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“…For ZDDP‐containing lubricants derived reaction layers (Figures ), C 1 s signal was originally found at 285.4 eV and 285.5 eV for ester + ZDDP (Figure ) and PAO + ZDDP (Figure ), which were both calibrated to 285.0 eV (CC, CH) and this processing was applied to all the regions and components generated. The second component generated from C 1 s was found at 286.5 ± 0.1 eV for ester + ZDDP and at 286.4 ± 0.1 eV for PAO + ZDDP, which can be referred to COP bond . The third peak from C 1 s was found at 288.8 ± 0.1 eV for both ester + ZDDP and PAO + ZDDP, which can be referred to CS bond …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of base oil polarity on the micropitting behaviour in rolling‐sliding contacts

Cen

Morina

Neville

2019

Lubrication Science

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An automated micropitting test rig that uses the proven three‐point contact configuration was applied to study the effect of base oil polarity on micropitting behaviour in rolling‐sliding contacts. The tribological tests using one polar (ester) and one non‐polar (polyalpha olefin [PAO]) base oil mixed with four different additives were first done in a micropitting rig to study the friction, wear, and micropitting performance. The tested specimen after tribological tests were examined by an optical microscope to study the micropitting on the surface. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to obtain the related tribochemical information from the reaction layer. The results showed that higher wear and less micropits formed when testing with ester‐based lubricants. This was related to the higher affinity to the steel surface of polar base oil molecules that can compete with additives to attach to the surface, resulting in a thinner reaction layer and shorter chain phosphates.

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The Influence of Slide–Roll Ratio on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

The Influence of Aluminium–Silicon Alloy on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation on the Counter-Surface

The Influence of Aluminium–Silicon Alloy on ZDDP Tribofilm Formation on the Counter-Surface

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

Effect of base oil polarity on the micropitting behaviour in rolling‐sliding contacts

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