1978
DOI: 10.1093/ee/7.5.685
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The Influence of Stand Factors on Parasitism of Spruce Budworm 1 Eggs by Trichogramma minutum23

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Cited by 34 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…5). This result is consistent with a past study of spruce budworm egg parasitism by T. m,inutum carried out in Maine (Kemp and Simmons 1978).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…5). This result is consistent with a past study of spruce budworm egg parasitism by T. m,inutum carried out in Maine (Kemp and Simmons 1978).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…We sought to determine whether observed patterns of intratree distribution of spruce budworm persist from the peak through collapse of an outbreak, which corresponds to dramatic changes in herbivore density and foliage availability and quality (Royama 1984, Régnière andNealis 2007). Moreover, we examined the additional infiuenee of natural enemies, in particular parasitoids and pathogens, whose impact may vary dramatically annually and among crown levels during an outbreak (Kemp andSimmons 1978, Hébert et al 1990). …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lower levels of mortality caused by the spruce budworm in mixed species stands compared with balsam fir stands have also been observed in other regions, and have been explained by composition variables which are hypothesized to enhance the natural enemies complex (Kemp and Simmons, 1979;Capuccino et al, 1998;Bergeron et al, 1995), or else lower the dispersal potential of reproducing moths in mixed species stands (Maclean and MacKinnon, 1997). In our region, the balsam fir stands that sustained the heaviest mortality are also usually found on imperfectly drained sites (Brown, 1981;Gosselin et al, 1998), which is another factor that has been found to influence spruce budworm-induced mortality in some regions (Dupont et al, 1991;Archambault et al, 1990).…”
Section: Mortality and Its Effect On Canopy Gapsmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The movements of flying parasitoids are so wide compared to our relatively small stand size that fine-scale patterns in parasitoid distribution may not be observed when their density is low. However, Kemp and Simmons (1978) showed that the parasitism rates of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana eggs by Trichogramma minutum rose with an increasing density of non-host tree species for the budworm. Surprisingly, all the larvae parasitized in this study were from area 1, while in the separate area 2 no parasitized larvae were observed in either year.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%