The influence of substrate surface conditioning and biofilm age on the composition of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilms

Ali, Islam A. A.; Cheung, Bmy; Yau, J. Y. Y.; Matinlinna, JukkaP.; Lévesque, Christian; Belibasakis, Georgios N.; Neelakantan, Prasanna

doi:10.1111/iej.13202

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Like bacterial species in general, oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces in the presence of nutrient-containing fluids [4]. Biofilms were described decades ago as communities of bacterial cells that are embedded in a polymeric matrix that contains polysaccharides, DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other components, adhering to various surfaces and showing different phenotypical and biochemical characteristics compared to their planktonic counterparts [5][6][7][8]. Biofilms protect bacterial cells from host defense mechanisms and antibiotics; likewise, they disseminate planktonic bacterial cells that can cause acute disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases

et al. 2020

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Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella nigrescens, Selenomonas sputigena, Parvimonas micra and Treponema denticola into a nine-species “basic biofilm”. This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising Actinomyces oris, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus oralis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the “basic biofilm” induced a decrease in the cell number of the “basic” species. Interestingly, C. rectus counts increased in biofilms containing E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. nigrescens and S. sputigena, respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas P. intermedia counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of E. faecalis. The growth of E. faecalis on hydroxyapatite discs and of E. faecalis and S. aureus on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the “basic biofilm”. Contrarily, the counts of P. nigrescens, S. sputigena and P. micra on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of P. micra and T. denticola on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…A case in point is a study that employed HA discs to assess biofilm structure at 3 days as compared to 21 days with various disc coatings (Ali et al 2020). A colony forming unit (CFU) count was used to determine the number of biofilm cells.…”

Section: Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-conditioning influences the biofilm structure compared to when no coating is used. With saliva conditioning, biofilms contain more protein and polysaccharide (Ali et al 2020). The use of collagen results in thicker biofilms with an increased resistance to the action of disinfectants (Shen et al 2009).…”

Section: Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some assessment methodologies require certain biovolumes for validity (Stiefel et al 2016). For E. faecalis, biofilms are commonly grown with brain heart infusion (BHI) as the sole nutrient (Liu et al 2010;Du et al 2014;Ali et al 2020), but when a thicker biofilm is required, then this can be achieved by supplementation of the BHI with glucose (Seneviratne et al 2013).…”

Section: Growth Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the increased magnification and greater resolution of SEM make it a commonly utilised tool in endodontic research. It is used frequently to verify biofilm structure and composition (Shen et al 2011;Shen et al 2016;Ali et al 2020). Microbial quantification with SEM is also possible in conjunction with image analysis (Vyas et al 2016), although it must be remembered that dead bacteria will be included in assessment.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Chelation in Endodontics with a Focus on the Novel Chelator Clodronate

Wright¹

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BackgroundSodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is essential to endodontic irrigation because it uniquely dissolves organic matter and disinfects. Chelators remove the smear layer. Sequences of NaOCl and the chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are in common use because alone neither fulfils all the core functions required of an irrigant. In 2005, the concept of continuous chelation was introduced, whereby a chelator is combined with NaOCl for simultaneous antimicrobial and proteolytic actions and with the capacity to remove smear layer. Not only is this simpler compared to standard irrigation, but some authors report improved antimicrobial effectiveness, enhanced dentinal debris removal, and improved bonding of endodontic materials to dentine. Combinations of alkaline EDTA with NaOCl have been investigated, although the only commercial application of this technique employs the chelator etidronate. The major shortcoming of etidronate-NaOCl mixtures is that a chemical reaction occurs between etidronate and NaOCl, causing reduced NaOCl concentrations over time. Given that continuous chelation may hold advantages, finding a chelator more compatible with NaOCl than etidronate would improve the lifespan of continuous chelation mixtures. ObjectivesThe initial objective was to examine the effect of heating to intracanal temperature on known continuous chelation mixtures. A number of chelators were then screened, aiming to identify one, which when combined with NaOCl had better stability with NaOCl than etidronate and was capable of removing smear layer. Once identified, the NaOCl stability of such a mixture was examined at root canal temperature and in refrigerated storage. Subsequent objectives focused on comparing the identified mixture to etidronate-hypochlorite mixtures, standard sequences and NaOCl with respect to organic tissue dissolution, antimicrobial activity and tooth fracture resistance. MethodsFree available chlorine (FAC), pH and temperature were used to assess NaOCl stability in known continuous chelation mixtures at root canal temperature versus room temperature.Iodometric titration was used to determine the FAC. This methodology was then employed to identify a stable chelator-NaOCl solution from several novel chelator mixtures at room Foremost, I would like to thank my supervisors, Professor Laurie Walsh and Honorary Associate Professor Bill Kahler. Without them this PhD thesis would not have been possible.Early on in my PhD, Laurie spent considerable time with me ploughing through the endodontic literature. It was this early foundation which engendered in me the importance of reading the literature. Laurie's door was always open and despite being an incredibly busy and productive person, Laurie addressed concerns as they arose and put ideas on the table.He was also the generous funder of my research. This was a godsend as it ensured that products could be purchased when required. Bill was my moral support when times were tough. He always had time to listen and understand. His knowledge on publication ...

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Minimally Invasive Endodontics

Neelakantan¹,

Chaniotis²,

Banerjee³

2022

Endodontic Advances and Evidence‐Based Clinical Guidelines

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The influence of substrate surface conditioning and biofilm age on the composition of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases

Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases

Continuous Chelation in Endodontics with a Focus on the Novel Chelator Clodronate

Minimally Invasive Endodontics

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